Masonry curtain walls employ brick or stone veneers supported by the building's structure to form an external cladding system that is both aesthetically appealing and functional. These walls are erected through two principal techniques, first by traditional layering of masonry units and second by using prefabricated panels. Traditional construction relies on steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam for support, with high-bond mortars ensuring secure attachment of masonry veneer units. Integral to this system is the backup wall, usually made from concrete units or steel studs, providing support for flashing, insulation, and interior finishes. The backup wall is linked to the curtain wall via joint reinforcing and masonry ties that allow for movement between the two, maintaining structural integrity. This method incorporates expansion joints to manage thermal changes and some instances, a provision for cavity and weep holes behind the veneer to effectively prevent moisture ingress. Prefabricated panels, assembled on the ground and lifted into place, offer a time-efficient alternative, using a plastic gasket form liner inside a form for brick placement, reinforcement, and concrete overlay, creating durable, integrated panels.
Masonry curtain walls are exterior claddings of brick or stone masonry veneers supported by the building's structural frame.
Firstly, steel shelf angles are fixed to the spandrel beam of the structural frame, and the insulation is placed over it.
Then, the flashing is laid, the masonry units are placed directly on it and secured using a high-bond mortar.
Further, a backup wall is constructed by arranging hollow concrete masonry units and grouting vertical reinforcing bars into their cores. The wall is then coated with an air- and water-resistant material.
Subsequently, the next courses of masonry units are laid to level up with the backup wall, followed by inserting the insulation and placing the joint reinforcement and masonry ties. This process is repeated till the desired height of the wall is achieved.
Alternatively, curtain walls can be installed by hoisting prefabricated panels into place and securing them.
Vertical and horizontal expansion joints are also provided in the curtain walls.
Additionally, providing a cavity behind the curtain wall along with weep holes can mitigate moisture entry into the structure.
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