The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting: This device can deliver an oxygen concentration of about 24% - 44%, depending on the patient's breathing rate and flow setting.
Advantages: Nasal cannulas offer comfort and convenience, enabling patients to eat, drink, and communicate effortlessly. Additionally, they promote mobility and flexibility, enhancing the overall patient experience.
Disadvantages: Nasal cannulas may cause dryness or irritation in the nasal passages, and high flow rates may not provide sufficient oxygen for some patients.
Nursing responsibilities: Nurses should monitor the patient's oxygen saturation, ensure proper fit, and frequently assess the patient's nostrils for signs of irritation or infection.
O2 Conserving Cannula
An O2-conserving cannula, also known as an Oxymizer, is a device that conserves oxygen by capturing the exhaled gas in a reservoir to be inhaled with the next breath.
Suggested flow rate: The flow rate for an O2-conserving cannula is usually around 0.5-5 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting: The oxygen concentration varies but can deliver up to 30-50% more oxygen than a standard nasal cannula.
Advantages: The main advantage of an O2-conserving cannula is that it delivers a higher oxygen concentration, reducing the oxygen supply usage.
Disadvantages: They are more expensive than standard nasal cannulas and may be less comfortable due to their larger size.
Nursing responsibilities: Nurses should monitor oxygen saturation, ensure the device functions properly, and educate patients about the device's benefits and proper use.
Partial rebreather mask
A partial rebreather mask is a face mask with an attached reservoir bag. It allows the patient to rebreathe about one-third of the exhaled air and oxygen supply.
Suggested flow rate: The flow rate for a partial rebreather mask is typically 6-10 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting: This mask can deliver an oxygen concentration of approximately 60% - 75%.
Advantages: It provides a higher concentration of oxygen than nasal cannulas.
Disadvantages: It can be uncomfortable and restricts eating, drinking, and communication. The fit must be correct to prevent room air dilution.
Nursing responsibilities: Nurses should monitor oxygen levels, ensure the mask fits properly, and check that the reservoir bag inflates slightly upon exhalation and deflates with each inhalation.
Simple Face Mask
A simple face mask covers the nose and mouth and delivers a high oxygen concentration.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a simple face mask is usually between 5 and 10 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting: This mask can deliver approximately 40% - 60% oxygen concentration.
Advantages: It can provide a higher oxygen concentration than a nasal cannula.
Disadvantages: It may be uncomfortable and interfere with eating, drinking, and communication. It also requires a tight seal to function effectively.
Nursing responsibilities: Nurses should monitor the patient's oxygen saturation, ensure the mask fits properly, and check for signs of skin irritation or pressure sores.
Oxygen-delivering devices such as nasal cannulas and face masks are used when natural breathing is obstructed.
Nasal cannulas are lightweight tubes with two prongs inserted into the nostrils.
They are typically used for low to medium oxygen levels with a suggested flow rate of 1-6 LPM, providing an oxygen concentration of approximately 24%- 44%, depending on the patient's breathing rate and flow setting.
Their advantages include comfort, ease of use, and allowing patient mobility for eating, drinking, and speaking.
Next, a simple face mask covers the nose and mouth, delivering a high oxygen concentration. Its suggested flow rate is 6-10 LPM, delivering about 35%-60% oxygen.
Lastly, a partial rebreather mask is a face mask with a reservoir bag, allowing the patient to rebreathe about one-third of exhaled air with the oxygen supply. Its flow rate is typically 6-15 LPM, delivering approximately 70%-90% oxygen.
Although partial rebreathing and face masks provide higher oxygen than nasal cannulas, the masks can be uncomfortable and restrict eating, drinking, and communication.
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