Clockwise
顺时针
Sunwise, sunward or deasil (sometimes spelled deosil), are terms meaning to go clockwise or in the direction of the sun, as seen from the Northern Hemisphere. The opposite term is widdershins (Middle Low German), or tuathal (Scottish Gaelic).[1] In Scottish culture, this turning direction is also considered auspicious, while the converse is true for counter-clockwise motion.
从北半球可以看出，太阳方向，阳光或deasil（有时是拼写的迪奥西尔）是术语，意思是顺时针或朝着太阳方向走。相反的术语是widdershins（中低德国人）或Tuathal（苏格兰盖尔语）。[1]在苏格兰文化中，这个转弯方向也被认为是吉祥的，而相反的方向对于逆时针运动是正确的。
Irish culture [ edit ]
爱尔兰文化[编辑]
During the days of Gaelic Ireland and of the Irish clans, the Psalter known as An Cathach was used as both a rallying cry and protector in battle by the Chiefs of Clan O'Donnell. Before a battle it was customary for a chosen monk or holy man (usually attached to the Clan McGroarty and who was in a state of grace) to wear the Cathach and the cumdach, or book shrine, around his neck and then walk three times sunwise around the warriors of Clan O'Donnell.[2]
在盖尔爱尔兰和爱尔兰氏族的日子里，被称为凯瑟赫的诗篇既被克莱恩·奥唐奈（Clan O'Donnell）的首领在战斗中被用作集会的哭声和保护者。在战斗之前，习惯是一个选择的僧侣或圣人（通常依附于氏族麦格罗蒂（Clan McGroarty），他处于恩典状态），穿着凯塔赫（Cathach）和坎达赫（Cumdach）或cumdach或读书神社，然后在他的脖子上戴着三倍的太阳，然后在Sunwise周围绕着Clan O'Donnell的勇士行走3次。[2] [2] [2]。
According to folklorist Kevin Danaher, on St. John's Eve in Ulster and Connaught, it was customary to light a bonfire at sunset and to walk sunwise around the fire while praying the rosary. Those who could not afford a rosary would keep tally by holding a small pebble during each prayer and throwing it into the bonfire as each prayer was completed.[3]
据民俗学家凯文·达纳赫（Kevin Danaher）说，在阿尔斯特（Ulster）的圣约翰前夕和康诺特（Connaught）的圣约翰·夏娃（St. John's Eve）上说，习惯在日落时点燃篝火晚会，并在祈祷念珠时在火周围散步。那些负担不起念珠的人会在每次祈祷期间举着一个小卵石来保持统计，并在每次祈祷完成时将其扔进篝火。[3]
Similar praying of the rosary or other similar prayers while walking sunwise around Christian pilgrimage shrines or holy wells is also traditional in Irish culture during pattern days.[4]
在基督教朝圣神社或圣井周围散步时，类似的念珠或其他类似祈祷也是在模式时期的爱尔兰文化中也是传统的。[4]
Scottish culture [ edit ]
苏格兰文化[编辑]
This is descriptive of the ceremony observed by the druids, of walking round their temples by the south, in the course of their directions, always keeping their temples on their right. This course (diasil or deiseal) was deemed propitious, while the contrary course is perceived as fatal, or at least unpropitious. From this ancient superstition are derived several Gaelic customs which were still observed around the turn of the twentieth century, such as drinking over the left thumb, as Toland expresses it, or according to the course of the sun.
这是关于德鲁伊观察到的仪式的描述，即在他们的指示过程中，在南方沿着寺庙走来走去，总是将寺庙置于右边。本课程（Diasil或Deiseal）被认为是有礼貌的，而相反的过程被认为是致命的，或者至少是不受欢迎的。从这种古老的迷信中得出了几种盖尔语习俗，这些习俗在二十世纪之交左右仍被观察到，例如托兰德（Toland）表达的那样，或者按照太阳的过程。
Similarly to the pre-battle use of the Cathach of St. Columba in Gaelic Ireland, the Brecbannoch of St Columba, a reliquary containing the partial human remains of the Saint, was traditionally carried three times sunwise around Scottish armies before they gave battle. The most famous example of this was during the Scottish Wars of Independence, shortly before the Scots under Robert the Bruce faced the English army at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.[5]
与战斗前使用了爱尔兰的盖尔省圣科伦巴的校园前使用，圣哥伦巴的布雷克班诺克（Brecbannoch）是圣科伦巴（St Columba）的圣科伦巴（Brecbannoch），其中包含圣哥伦比亚（Scott）的圣科伦巴（St.最著名的例子是在苏格兰独立战争期间，在1314年，布鲁斯（Bruce）在班诺克本（Bannockburn）战役的苏格兰人罗伯特（Robert）领导下的苏格兰人之后不久。[5]
Martin Martin says:
马丁·马丁说：
Some of the poorer sort of people in the Western Isles retain the custom of performing these circles sunwise about the persons of their benefactors three times, when they bless them, and wish good success to all their enterprises. Some are very careful when they set out to sea, that the boat be first rowed sunwise, and if this be neglected, they are afraid their voyage may prove unfortunate. I had this ceremony paid me when in Islay by a poor woman, after I had given her an alms. I desired her to let alone that compliment, for that I did not care for it; but she insisted to make these three ordinary turns, and then prayed that God and MacCharmaig, the patron saint of the island, might bless and prosper me in all my affairs. When a Gael goes to drink out of a consecrated fountain, he approaches it by going round the place from east to west, and at funerals, the procession observes the same direction in drawing near the grave. Hence also is derived the old custom of describing sunwise a circle, with a burning brand, about houses, cattle, corn and corn-fields, to prevent their being burnt or in any way injured by evil spirits, or by witchcraft. The fiery circle was also made around women, as soon as possible after parturition, and also around newly-born babes. These circles were, in later times, described by midwives, and were described effectual against the intrusion of ‘daoine-sìth’ or ‘sìthichean’, who were particularly on the alert in times of childhood, and not infrequently carried infants away, according to vulgar legends, and restored them afterwards, but sadly altered in features and personal appearance. Infants stolen by fairies are said to have voracious appetites, constantly craving for food. In this case it was usual for those who believed their children had been taken away, to dig a grave in the fields on quarter-day and there to lay the fairy skeleton till next morning, at which time the parents went to the place, where they doubted not to find their own child in place of the skeleton.[This quote needs a citation]
西部群岛中一些贫穷的人保留了三次对他们的恩人的人表演这些圈子的习俗，当他们祝福他们的人三遍，并希望所有企业都取得良好的成功。有些人非常小心，当他们出海时，这艘船首先被划船，如果忽略了这艘船，他们担心自己的航行可能会证明是不幸的。当我给她施舍之后，当我在艾尔莱（Islay）的艾莱（Islay）里，我举行了这个仪式。我希望她更不用说那个赞美了，因为我不在乎。但是她坚持要进行这三个普通的转弯，然后祈祷岛上的守护神上帝和麦克查玛格在我所有的所有事务中都会祝福和繁荣。当盖尔（Gael）从奉献的喷泉中喝水时，他通过从东向西到西方和葬礼来接近它，游行队伍在坟墓附近绘制相同的方向。因此，还获得了旧的习俗，该习俗是用燃烧的品牌，关于房屋，牛，玉米和玉米场来描述圆形的圆圈，以防止它们被烧毁，或以邪恶的人或巫术伤害。在分娩后以及新生的辣椒之后，也尽快围绕着妇女制造了火热的圈子。这些圆圈在后来被助产士描述，被描述为有效地反对“ daoine-sñth”或“sìthichean”的侵犯，他们在童年时期特别处于警觉时，并没有频繁地将婴儿带走，此后恢复了这些特征，但在功能和个人外观中恢复过来。据说被仙女偷走的婴儿有贪婪的食欲，不断渴望食物。在这种情况下，对于那些相信自己的孩子已被带走的人来说，通常是在四分之一日在田野上挖一个坟墓，然后在第二天早上铺设童话般的骨骼，那时父母去了这个地方，他们怀疑他们不找到自己的孩子代替骨架。
The use of the sunwise circle was also traditional in the Highlands during Christian pilgrimages in honour of St Máel Ruba, particularly to the shrine where he is said to have established a hermitage upon Isle Maree.[6]
为了纪念圣马鲁·鲁巴（StMáelRuba），在基督教朝圣期间，在高地的使用中，太阳圆圈的使用也是传统的，尤其是在据说他在Isle Maree上建立冬宫的神社。[6]
"Deosil" and other spellings [ edit ]
“ Deosil”和其他拼写[编辑]
Wicca uses the spelling deosil, which violates the Gaelic orthography principle that a consonant must be surrounded by either broad vowels (a, o, u) or slender vowels (e, i). The Oxford English Dictionary gives precedence to the spelling"deasil", which violates the same principle, but acknowledges"deiseal","deisal", and"deisul" as well.
WICCA使用拼写的Deosil，这违反了盖尔语拼字法，即辅音必须被宽元音（A，O，U）或细长元音（E，i）包围。牛津英语词典优先于拼写“ deasil”，该拼写违反了相同的原则，但也承认“ deiseal”，“ deisal”和“ deisul”。
Other cultures [ edit ]
其他文化[编辑]
This distinction exists in traditional Tibetan religion. Tibetan Buddhists go round their shrines sunwise, but followers of Bonpo go widdershins. The former consider Bonpo to be merely a perversion of their practice, but Bonpo adherents claim that their religion, as the indigenous one of Tibet, was doing this prior to the arrival of Buddhism in the country.
这种区别存在于传统的藏族宗教中。藏传佛教徒绕着神社绕着，但邦波的追随者去了widdershins。前者认为Bonpo只是对实践的扭曲，但Bonpo的信徒声称，作为西藏的土著人，他们的宗教在佛教到达该国之前就这样做了。
The Hindu pradakshina, the auspicious circumambulation of a temple, is also made clockwise.
印度教徒普拉达希纳（Pradakshina）是寺庙的吉祥偏见，也是顺时针旋转的。
See also [ edit ]
另请参见[编辑]
References [ edit ]
参考[编辑]
Sources [ edit ]
来源[编辑]
