The US House of Representatives passed Donald Trump’s sweeping tax and spending bill on Thursday, handing the president the first major legislative victory of his second term and sending to his desk wide-ranging legislation expected to supercharge immigration enforcement and slash federal safety net programs.
美国众议院周四通过了唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）的全面税收和支出法案，将他的第二任期的第一个重大立法胜利交给了他，并派遣了预计将增强移民执法和削减联邦安全网计划的广泛立法。
The 218-214 vote came after weeks of wrangling over the measure that Trump demanded be ready for his signature by Friday, the Independence Day holiday. Written by his Republican allies in Congress and unanimously rejected by Democrats, the bill traveled an uncertain road to passage that saw multiple all-night votes in the House and Senate and negotiations that lasted until the final hours before passage. Ultimately, Republicans who had objected to its cost and contents folded, and the bill passed with just two GOP defections: Thomas Massie, a rightwing Kentucky lawmaker, and Brian Fitzpatrick, who represents a Pennsylvania district that voted for Kamala Harris in last year’s election.
218-214的投票是在周五（独立日假期）之前为特朗普要求为自己的签名做好准备的措施的数周之后进行的。该法案由他在国会中的共和党盟友撰写，并被民主党人一致拒绝，这条法案走了一条不确定的道路，这是众议院和参议院的多夜和谈判，持续到通过之前的最后几个小时。最终，反对其成本和内容折叠的共和党人，该法案仅通过两个共和党叛逃而通过：右翼肯塔基州议员托马斯·马西（Thomas Massie）和代表宾夕法尼亚州地区的宾夕法尼亚州的布莱恩·菲茨帕特里克（Brian Fitzpatrick），他在去年的选举中投票赞成卡马拉·哈里斯（Kamala Harris）。
“We’ve waited long enough, some of us have literally been up for days now, but this day – this day – is a hugely important one in the history of our nation,” the Republican House speaker, Mike Johnson, said, just before voting began.
“我们已经等待了足够长的时间，我们中的一些人实际上已经待了好几天了，但是这一天 - 这一天 - 在我们国家历史上非常重要。”共和党众议院议长迈克·约翰逊（Mike Johnson）在投票开始之前说。
“With one big, beautiful bill, we are going to make this country stronger, safer and more prosperous than ever before, and every American is going to benefit from that.”
“有了一个大而美丽的法案，我们将使这个国家比以往任何时候都更强大，更安全，更繁荣，每个美国人都将从中受益。”
The legislation is expected to speed up and expand Immigration and Customs Enforcement deportations, and will probably make Trump’s longstanding desire for a wall along the border with Mexico a reality.
预计该立法将加快和扩大移民和海关执法驱逐出境，并可能使特朗普长期以来对与墨西哥边境的隔离墙的渴望成为现实。
It also strikes a blow against the US government’s efforts to fight the climate crisis by phasing out tax incentives created under Joe Biden that were intended to spur investments in electric cars, wind and solar power and other green energy technologies.
这也对美国政府在乔·拜登（Joe Biden）下创建的税收优惠措施抗击气候危机的努力造成了打击，该税收激励措施旨在刺激对电动汽车，风能和太阳能和其他绿色能源技术的投资。
The bill’s centerpiece is a permanent extension of tax cuts made in 2017, during Trump’s first term, as well as the creation of new, temporary exemptions for tips, overtime pay and car loan interest that the president promised voters during last year’s campaign.
该法案的核心是在特朗普的第一任期内永久延长2017年减税，以及创建新的，临时豁免的提示，加班费和汽车贷款利息，总统在去年的竞选期间承诺的选民承诺。
The government will lose trillions of dollars in revenue from those provisions, and to offset their costs, Republicans approved an array of cuts to Medicaid, the federal program providing health insurance coverage to poor and disabled Americans, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap).
政府将从这些规定中损失数万亿美元的收入，为了抵消其成本，共和党人批准了一系列削减医疗补助，联邦计划为贫困和残疾美国人提供健康保险，以及补充营养援助计划（SNAP）。
Those changes are expected to cost millions of people their benefits, but the bill remains expensive, with the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) saying it will add $3.3tn to the country’s debt through 2034.
预计这些变化将使数百万的人造成福利，但该法案仍然很昂贵，无党派国会预算办公室（CBO）表示，它将在2034年在该国的债务中增加3.3亿美元。
Massie explained his decision to vote against the bill in a post on X, writing that “it will significantly increase U.S. budget deficits in the near term, negatively impacting all Americans through sustained inflation and high interest rates”.
马西（Massie）解释说，他决定在X上发表的一篇文章中对该法案进行投票，并写道：“它将在短期内大大增加美国预算赤字，从而通过持续的通货膨胀和高利率对所有美国人产生负面影响”。
Fitzpatrick issued a statement saying “it was the Senate’s amendments to Medicaid, in addition to several other Senate provisions, that altered the analysis” for his district and made him vote no.
菲茨帕特里克（Fitzpatrick）发表声明说：“除了其他几项参议院的规定外，参议院对医疗补助的修正案改变了他所在地区的分析”，并使他投票。
Democrats blasted the proposal as “one big, ugly bill” that dismantles anti-poverty programs to fund tax breaks for the wealthy. Analyses have shown that high earners benefited most from Trump’s tax policies.
民主党人将该提案炸毁为“一项大而丑陋的法案”，该提议拆除了反贫困计划，以资助富人的税收减免。分析表明，高收入者从特朗普的税收政策中受益最大。
The Democratic House minority leader, Hakeem Jeffries, made a last-ditch effort to halt the bill’s passage by delivering a floor speech that lasted eight hours and 44 minutes, the longest ever.
民主党众议院少数党领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯（Hakeem Jeffries）通过发表持续八个小时44分钟的地板演讲，做出了最后的努力，以阻止该法案的通过，这是有史以来最长的。
“This is extraordinary. This assault on everyday Americans, assault on children, veterans, seniors, people with disabilities. It’s incredible to me, all of this in this one, big, ugly bill,” Jeffries said.
杰弗里斯说：“这是非凡的。对日常美国人的攻击，对儿童，退伍军人，老年人，残疾人的袭击。这对我来说都是不可思议的，这在这一中，这是一个大而丑陋的法案。”
“Ripping food out of the mouths of vulnerable Americans – that’s extraordinary that that’s what we’re doing, extraordinary. And all of this is being done, this unprecedented assault on everyday Americans, is being unleashed on the American people, Mr Speaker, on the most vulnerable among us, all of this is being done to provide massive tax breaks to billionaire donors. Shame on this institution. If this bill passes, that’s not America. We’re better than this.”
“从脆弱的美国人的嘴里撕下食物 - 这是我们正在做的事情，非凡的。我们比这更好。”
Trump has described the bill as crucial to the success of his second term, and congressional Republicans made its passage their top priority. It was a tall task – the GOP won small majorities in both the House and Senate in last November’s election, and could afford no more than three defections in either chamber.
特朗普将该法案描述为对他的第二任期的成功至关重要，国会共和党人将其通过了重中之重。这是一项艰巨的任务 - 共和党在去年11月的选举中赢得了众议院和参议院的一小部分，并且在任一厅的叛逃者中不超过三个叛逃。
The party’s lawmakers broadly support Trump but were divided on a host of other issues. There were lawmakers who wanted big spending cuts, rapid phase-outs of green energy incentives and an expanded deduction that would mostly benefit taxpayers in Democratic-led states. Their demands butted against others who sought to moderate the bill, but over the course of weeks, Republicans leaders managed to forge a compromise.
该党的立法者广泛支持特朗普，但在许多其他问题上都有分歧。有些议员希望大幅度支出，绿色能源激励措施的快速淘汰以及扩大的扣除额，这将大多使民主党领导的州的纳税人受益。他们的要求反对试图调整该法案的其他人的要求，但是在整个数周的过程中，共和党领导人设法建立了妥协。
Trump appears to have also offered some concessions to hard-line holdouts from the Republican House freedom caucus at a meeting at the White House on Wednesday and in subsequent discussions, as his advisers rushed to ensure the bill passed without returning to the Senate.
特朗普在周三在白宫举行的一次会议上，在随后的讨论中，特朗普似乎也提供了一些让步，以使共和党众议院自由核心小组的艰苦奋斗保持，因为他的顾问急于确保该法案通过而没有返回参议院。
The details of Trump’s concessions – possibly coming in the form of executive actions at a later date – were not immediately clear, and House freedom caucus chair Andy Harris declined to describe their discussions with Trump.
特朗普的让步的细节 - 可能以后以行政行动的形式出现 - 尚不清楚，众议院自由核心小组主席安迪·哈里斯（Andy Harris）拒绝描述他们与特朗普的讨论。
“When we looked at this entire package, the significant agreements we got with the administration in the last 24 hours made this package a much, much better package,” Harris told reporters after the vote. “The agreement is with the president. If you want to know, ask the president.”
哈里斯在投票后对记者说：“当我们查看整个包裹时，过去24小时内与政府达成的重大协议使这套包裹变得更加好得多。”“协议与总统达成。如果您想知道，请问总统。”
The bill is only able to affect revenue, spending and the debt limit, under the rules of budget reconciliation that allowed the GOP to avoid a filibuster by Democrats in the Senate. Under Biden, Congress’s then Democratic majority had used the same procedure to pass legislation to spur the economy’s recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic and curb US carbon emissions.
该法案只能根据预算和解规则来影响收入，支出和债务限制，这使得共和党能够避免参议院民主党人的诉求。在拜登（Biden）的领导下，国会当时的民主党多数派使用相同的程序通过了立法，促进了经济从199号大流行和遏制美国碳排放中恢复的经济。
Trump’s bill allocates $45bn for Ice detention facilities, $14bn for deportation operations and billions of dollars more to hire 10,000 new agents by 2029. An additional $50bn will go towards the border wall and other fortifications.
特朗普的法案为冰拘留设施分配了450亿美元，驱逐出境的140亿美元，并在2029年之前雇用10,000个新代理商。
Enrollees of Medicaid and Snap will face new work requirements, and states will be forced to share part of the cost of the latter program for the first time ever. The CBO estimates the bill’s Medicaid changes could cost as many as 11.8 million people their healthcare, and the left-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities forecasts about 8 million people, or one in five recipients, may lose their Snap benefits.
医疗补助和SNAP的参与者将面临新的工作要求，并且各州将首次被迫分享后者计划的一部分。CBO估计，该法案的医疗补助更改可能会花费多达1,180万人的医疗保健，而左倾的预算和政策优先事项中心预测约800万人或五分之一的接收者可能会失去其快照福利。
The legislation also forces changes to provider taxes, which states use to finance their share of Medicaid spending. That is expected to further increase the financial stress of hospitals in rural areas, and when the bill was in the Senate, a $50bn fund was added to support those facilities.
该立法还迫使提供者税的变化，该税收用于资助其医疗补助支出的份额。预计这将进一步增加农村地区医院的财务压力，当该法案在参议院中时，增加了500亿美元的基金来支持这些设施。
Some in the GOP were openly nervous about the cuts to safety net programs that their constituents rely on. Thom Tillis, a senator who represents swing state North Carolina, refused to support the bill for those reasons, leading Trump to announce he would support a primary challenger when he stands for re-election next year. Tillis then made public his plans to retire, a potential boost for Democrats’ hopes of claiming his seat.
共和党中的一些人公开担心其选民所依赖的安全网计划的削减。代表北卡罗来纳州摇摆国家的参议员汤姆·蒂利斯（Thom Tillis）出于这些原因拒绝支持该法案，导致特朗普宣布明年代表重任时将支持他的主要挑战者。然后，蒂利斯（Tillis）公开了退休计划，这可能推动了民主党宣称自己席位的希望。
“It is inescapable this bill will betray the promise Donald Trump made,” Tillis said on the Senate floor.
蒂利斯在参议院楼上说：“这项法案将不可避免，这将背叛唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）的承诺。”
“What do I tell 663,000 people in two years or three years when President Trump breaks his promise by pushing them off of Medicaid because the funding’s not there any more, guys?”
“当特朗普总统违反了他的诺言时，我会告诉663,000人，因为资金不再存在，伙计们？”
