This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:
根据科学X的编辑过程和政策对本文进行了审查。编辑在确保内容的信誉时强调了以下属性：
Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain
学分：Pixabay/CC0公共领域
A study of young people in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, reveals that adolescents living in neighborhoods with high rates of violence and poor infrastructure tend to perceive the world as being more unfair for them than for others.
一项对巴西圣保罗市的年轻人的研究表明，生活在暴力率高和基础设施较差的社区中的青少年倾向于认为世界对他们来说比对他人更不公平。
The Center for the Study of Violence (NEV), one of FAPESP's Research, Innovation, and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs), analyzed the trajectories of"belief in a just world" (BJW) among 659 adolescents aged 12 to 14 over three years.
FAPESP的研究，创新和传播中心之一（RIDC）的暴力研究中心（NEV）分析了三年中12至14岁的659名青少年中的“信仰对公正世界的信仰”（BJW）的轨迹。
The results were published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology in a paper titled"The effect of the physical environment on adolescents' sense of justice."
结果发表在《环境心理学杂志》中，题为“物理环境对青少年正义感”的论文。
The concept of BJW refers to the perception that the world is generally a fair place where people"reap what they sow."
BJW的概念指的是，人们认为世界通常是人们“收获自己播种”的公平场所。
This belief is considered fundamental to forming expectations, engaging socially, and internalizing norms and values. However, according to the authors of the article, these beliefs do not develop in a vacuum; rather, they are shaped by concrete experiences in physical and social environments.
这种信念被认为是形成期望，社交和内部规范和价值观的基础。但是，根据文章的作者，这些信念并未在真空中发展。相反，它们是由物理和社会环境中具体的经验来塑造的。
"Our hypothesis was that the physical environment, by itself, plays an important role in shaping adolescents' beliefs about justice, regardless of relational factors such as being around parents, teachers, or law enforcement officials," says psychologist André Vilela Komatsu, the first author of the study. Komatsu completed his postdoctoral internship at the institute, where the study was developed in partnership.
这项研究的第一名作者是，心理学家安德烈·维莱拉·科马森（AndréVilelaKomatsu）说：“我们的假设是，身体环境本身在塑造青少年对正义的信念中起着重要作用，无论是在父母，老师或执法人员周围的关系因素中，无论是如何。”Komatsu在研究所完成了博士后实习，该研究是合作开发的。
The co-author is Simone Kühn, a neuroscientist, professor at the University of Hamburg in Germany, and director of the Center for Environmental Neuroscience at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin.
合着者是德国汉堡大学神经科学家，教授，柏林Max Planck人类发展研究所的环境神经科学中心主任SimoneKühn。
The researchers observed that adolescents in neighborhoods marked by neglect, insecurity, and violence not only have lower levels of personal BJW, but also gradually depart from this belief over time. The feeling that one's own life is not governed by justice can have significant implications for both psychological well-being and behavior, affecting aspects such as motivation, self-esteem, and trust in institutions.
研究人员观察到，以忽视，不安全感和暴力为标志的社区中的青少年不仅具有较低的个人BJW水平，而且随着时间的流逝，这种信念逐渐偏离这种信念。一个人的生活不受正义支配的感觉对心理健康和行为都会产生重大影响，从而影响动机，自尊和对机构的信任等方面。
In more affluent neighborhoods, young people have a higher personal BJW, though they do not necessarily believe that the world is generally fair.
在更富裕的社区中，年轻人的个人BJW具有更高的个人身份，尽管他们不一定相信世界通常是公平的。
"Even upper-middle-class adolescents perceive social injustice around them," Komatsu points out."But because they live in more protected environments with access to services and opportunities, they feel less vulnerable and maintain a certain confidence that at least their lives will be fair."
Komatsu指出：“即使是上层阶级的青少年也会感知他们周围的社会不公。”“但是，由于他们生活在更受保护的环境中，因此他们感到不那么脆弱，并保持了一定的信心，至少他们的生活将是公平的。”
The study reinforces the importance of considering urban and structural factors, such as infrastructure, access to services, and community cohesion, in the debate on citizenship and democratic development.
这项研究增强了考虑城市和结构性因素的重要性，例如基础设施，获得服务以及社区凝聚力，在公民身份和民主发展的辩论中。
"Degraded environments not only affect physical and mental well-being but also erode trust in institutions and principles of equity," says Komatsu.
Komatsu说：“退化的环境不仅会影响身体和心理健康，还会侵蚀对公平机构和公平原则的信任。”
According to the researcher, schools have the potential to play a central role in shaping how kids and teens perceive what is fair or unfair in the world around them.
根据研究人员的说法，学校有可能在塑造孩子和青少年如何看待周围世界公平或不公平的情况下发挥核心作用。
"The school environment is the institutional space where young people spend most of their time and continuously interact. In unequal urban areas, schools can promote an experience of citizenship that contrasts with perceived injustices in the neighborhood, transportation, or public safety. On the other hand, when schools reproduce inequalities or punitive and arbitrary practices, they reinforce the perception that institutions are unfair.
“学校环境是年轻人花费大部分时间并不断互动的机构空间。在不平等的城市地区，学校可以促进公民身份的经验，与在附近，运输或公共安全中看到的不公正现象相比。另一方面，当学校重现不平等或惩罚性的和Quin的实践时，他们会重得到这种认识，从而使人们感到不满意。
Discover the latest in science, tech, and space with over 100,000 subscribers who rely on Phys.org for daily insights. Sign up for our free newsletter and get updates on breakthroughs, innovations, and research that matter—daily or weekly.
发现最新的科学，技术和空间，其中有100,000多名订户依靠Phys.org进行日常见解。注册我们的免费新闻通讯，并每天或每周都会获得有关突破，创新和研究的最新信息。
"In our study, we took into account how adolescents perceived their teachers in relation to the fair application of rules; that is, whether they acted with clarity, impartiality, and respect. We know from previous studies that this directly influences the formation of a sense of justice in young people."
“在我们的研究中，我们考虑了青少年如何看待他们的老师在规则的公平应用方面；也就是说，无论他们是清晰，公正性和尊重的行为。我们从以前的研究中知道，这直接影响了年轻人中正义感的形成。”
The study in question did not consider differences in"belief in a just world" based on gender or race. However, previous studies with the same sample revealed these differences.
所讨论的研究没有考虑基于性别或种族的“对公正世界的信仰”的差异。但是，先前对同一样本的研究揭示了这些差异。
"These studies revealed that young people with greater social privilege—especially those who identify as white, male, from private schools, and from higher-income families—tend to have a higher personal BJW. In other words, they believe that they live in a world that's fairer for them than for others. Of course, these differences do not only reflect individual perceptions, but also the structural inequalities present in Brazilian society," says Komatsu.
“这些研究表明，具有更大社会特权的年轻人，尤其是那些被识别为白人，男性，来自私立学校和高收入家庭的年轻人倾向于拥有更高的个人bjw。换句话说，他们相信他们生活在一个对他们来说比对其他人更公平的世界。当然，这些差异不仅反映了个人的知觉，而且反映了统治社会，既说明了布拉西的社会，'''''''''''
Social media plays a significant role in shaping beliefs and values.
社交媒体在塑造信念和价值观中起着重要作用。
"It's important to note that the dissemination of content on social media occurs within ecosystems mediated by algorithms, which tend to amplify content with a high potential for emotional engagement, often simplified, sensationalized, or ideologically biased," Komatsu emphasizes.
Komatsu强调：“重要的是要注意，社交媒体上内容的传播发生在由算法介导的生态系统中，这些生态系统倾向于放大具有高潜力的情感参与潜力的内容，经常简化，轰动一时或意识形态上有偏见。”
"These algorithms not only select what's shown but also shape how events are interpreted, reinforcing perception bubbles and confirming prior beliefs. On many pages and profiles, the structural causes of social, racial, and territorial injustices are hidden or distorted and replaced by populist and simplistic narratives.
“这些算法不仅选择了显示的内容，而且还可以塑造事件的解释方式，增强感知气泡并确认先前的信念。在许多页面和概况中，社会，种族和领土不公正的结构原因被隐藏或扭曲，并被民粹主义和简单的叙述所取代，并替代。
"This algorithmic functioning tends to lead people to interpret social injustice as the result of individual behavior or the behavior of specific groups, thereby reinforcing existing stigmas."
“这种算法的功能倾向于使人们解释社会不公正，这是个人行为或特定群体的行为的结果，从而增强了现有的污名。”
In this sense, although social media has the potential to foster awareness and social criticism, its algorithms tend to favor sensationalist or emotionally charged content over more balanced and well-founded information, such as that produced by scientists or institutions committed to social justice.
从这个意义上讲，尽管社交媒体有潜力促进意识和社会批评，但其算法倾向于偏爱轰动性或情感上充满情感的内容，而不是更加平衡且有充分的信息，例如科学家或致力于社会正义的机构所产生的信息。
"This not only distorts public debate but also hinders adolescents' access to more contextualized and evidence-based interpretations of the causes of the inequalities and injustices that affect them," the researcher argues.
研究人员认为：“这不仅扭曲了公开辩论，还阻碍了青少年访问对影响他们的不平等和不平等的原因的更多背景化和基于证据的解释。”
The study points out that urban interventions have the potential to restore a sense of justice among adolescents in vulnerable areas if they address the everyday experiences of these young people.
该研究指出，如果城市干预措施有可能恢复弱势群体的青少年之间的正义感，如果他们解决这些年轻人的日常经历。
"Actions such as the redevelopment of public spaces—squares, cultural centers, and sports and leisure areas—symbolically convey the message that community matters and is worthy of care," Komatsu emphasizes.
Komatsu强调：“诸如公共场所的重建（平方，文化中心以及体育和休闲区）之类的行动通过木板传达了这样一个信息，即社区重要，值得关心。”
"But it's important that these initiatives be accompanied by participatory processes that foster a sense of belonging and agency, and promote the recognition of adolescents as holders of rights.
“但是，重要的是要伴随着培养归属感和代理意识的参与过程，并促进对青少年作为权利持有人的认可。
"In addition, continued investment in basic infrastructure, such as lighting, sanitation, transportation, and health, communicates the idea of material value for lives that are often neglected."
“此外，在照明，卫生，运输和健康等基本基础设施上的持续投资传达了经常被忽视的生命物质价值的想法。”
More information: André Vilela Komatsu et al, The effect of the physical environment on adolescents' sense of justice, Journal of Environmental Psychology (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102582
更多信息：AndréVilelaKomatsu等人，物理环境对青少年正义感的影响，《环境心理学杂志》（2025年）。doi：10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102582
Provided by FAPESP
由FAPESP提供
