The “humanitarian city” Israel’s defence minister has proposed building on the ruins of Rafah would be a concentration camp, and forcing Palestinians inside would be ethnic cleansing, Israel’s former prime minister Ehud Olmert has told the Guardian.
以色列前总理埃胡德·奥尔默特（Ehud Olmert）告诉《卫报》，“人道主义城市”以色列国防部长已提议在拉法的废墟上建设建筑，而迫使巴勒斯坦人在室内进行种族清洗。
Israel was already committing war crimes in Gaza and the West Bank, Olmert said, and construction of the camp would mark an escalation.
奥尔默特说，以色列已经在加沙和西岸犯下了战争罪，营地的建设将标志着升级。
“It is a concentration camp. I am sorry,” he said, when asked about the plans laid out by Israel Katz last week. Once inside, Palestinians would not be allowed to leave, except to go to other countries, Katz said.
他说：“这是一个集中营。对不起。”卡茨说，一旦进入室内，巴勒斯坦人将不允许离开，除了去其他国家。
Katz has ordered the military to start drawing up operational plans for construction of the “humanitarian city” on the ruins of southern Gaza, to house initially 600,000 people and eventually the entire Palestinian population.
卡茨已命令军方开始制定在加沙南部废墟上建造“人道主义城市”的运营计划，以容纳最初有60万人，最终是整个巴勒斯坦人口。
“If they [Palestinians] will be deported into the new ‘humanitarian city’, then you can say that this is part of an ethnic cleansing. It hasn’t yet happened,” Olmert said. That would be “the inevitable interpretation” of any attempt to create a camp for hundreds of thousands of people, he said.
奥尔默特说：“如果他们（巴勒斯坦人）将被驱逐到新的'人道主义城市'中，那么您可以说这是种族清洗的一部分。这尚未发生。”他说，这将是为成千上万人创建一个营地的任何尝试的“不可避免的解释”。
Olmert did not consider Israel’s current campaign was ethnic cleansing because, he said, evacuating civilians to protect them from fighting was legal under international law, and Palestinians had returned to areas where military operations had finished.
奥尔默特（Olmert）并未认为以色列目前的竞选活动是种族清洗，因为他说，根据国际法，撤离平民保护他们免受战斗是合法的，而巴勒斯坦人返回了军事行动完成的地区。
The “humanitarian city” project is backed by Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, and Israel’s refusal to withdraw from the area Katz envisages for the camp is a sticking point in the faltering negotiations for a ceasefire deal, Israeli media have reported.
以色列媒体报道，“人道主义城市”项目由以色列总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）支持，以色列拒绝从卡茨设想的营地撤离该地区是停止停火交易的谈判中的一个令人震惊的点。
Olmert said that after months of violent rhetoric, including calls from ministers to “cleanse” Gaza and projects to build Israeli settlements there, government claims that the “humanitarian city” aimed to protect Palestinians were not credible.
奥尔默特说，经过几个月的暴力言论，包括部长们呼吁“清洁”加沙的呼吁和在那里建立以色列定居点的项目，政府声称旨在保护巴勒斯坦人的“人道主义城市”是不可信的。
View image in fullscreen Olmert, who led Israel from 2006 to 2009, called extremist cabinet ministers ‘the enemy from within’. Photograph: Quique Kierszenbaum/The Guardian
在2006年至2009年以色列领导以色列的全屏奥尔默特（Olmert）中查看图像，称极端主义内阁部长为“内部的敌人”。照片：Quique Kierszenbaum/Guardian
“When they build a camp where they [plan to] ‘clean’ more than half of Gaza, then the inevitable understanding of the strategy of this [is that] it is not to save [Palestinians]. It is to deport them, to push them and to throw them away. There is no other understanding that I have, at least.”
“当他们建立一个营地时，他们（打算）'清洁'超过一半的加沙，那么对此策略的不可避免的理解不是要拯救[巴勒斯坦人]。是要驱逐他们，将他们推开并将其扔掉。至少我没有其他理解。”
Israeli human rights lawyers and scholars have described the plan as a blueprint for crimes against humanity and some have warned that if implemented, “under certain conditions it could amount to the crime of genocide”.
以色列人权律师和学者将该计划描述为危害人类罪的蓝图，有些人警告说，如果实施“在某些条件下，这可能构成种族灭绝罪”。
Other Israelis who have described the planned “humanitarian city” as a concentration camp have been attacked for invoking comparisons to Nazi Germany, when the government says it is designed to protect Palestinians. Yad Vashem, Israel’s Holocaust memorial centre, accused one journalist of “a serious and inappropriate distortion of the meaning of the Holocaust”.
其他以色列人将计划中的“人道主义城市”描述为集中营的人是为了与纳粹德国进行比较而受到攻击，当时政府旨在保护巴勒斯坦人。以色列大屠杀纪念中心Yad Vashem指责一位记者“大屠杀的意义严重且不当扭曲”。
Olmert, who led Israel from 2006 to 2009, spoke to the Guardian on the day funerals were held in the occupied West Bank for two Palestinian men, one an American citizen, who had been killed by Israeli settlers.
奥尔默特（Olmert）于2006年至2009年领导以色列，当天在被占领的西岸举行葬礼上的守护者，两名巴勒斯坦男子，一名美国公民，一名美国公民，他们被以色列定居者杀害。
The latest deaths came after a campaign of violent intimidation that has forced the residents of several villages to flee their homes over the past two years.
最新的死亡发生在一场暴力恐吓运动之后，迫使几个村庄的居民在过去两年中逃离家园。
The attacks were war crimes, Olmert said. “[It is] unforgivable. Unacceptable. There are continuous operations organised, orchestrated in the most brutal, criminal manner by a large group.”
奥尔默特说，袭击是战争罪。“这是不可原谅的。不可接受。有一个大型群体以最残酷，最残酷，犯罪的方式进行精心策划的连续行动。”
The attackers are often called “hilltop youth” in Israel and described as fringe extremists. Olmert said he preferred the term “hilltop atrocities” to describe the young men whose campaign of spiralling violence was carried out with near-total impunity.
攻击者通常被称为以色列的“山顶青年”，被描述为边缘极端分子。奥尔默特说，他更喜欢“山顶暴行”一词来描述年轻人，他们的螺旋暴力运动的行为几乎不受惩罚。
“There is no way that they can operate in such a consistent, massive and widespread manner without a framework of support and protection which is provided by the [Israeli] authorities in the [occupied Palestinian] territories,” he said.
他说：“如果没有[以色列]当局提供的支持和保护框架，他们就无法以如此稳定，庞大和广泛的方式进行操作。”
Olmert described extremist cabinet ministers who backed violence in Gaza and the West Bank – where they have authorised major settlement expansions and control law enforcement with a view to expanding the borders of Israel – as a greater threat to the country’s long-term security than any external foe. “These guys are the enemy from within,” he said.
奥尔默特（Olmert）描述了在加沙和西岸支持暴力行为的极端主义内阁部长，他们授权了重大的和解扩张和控制执法部门，以扩大以色列边界 - 比任何外部敌人都更大。他说：“这些家伙是内部的敌人。”
Extreme suffering in Gaza and settler atrocities in the West Bank were fuelling growing anger against Israel that cannot all be written off as antisemitism, Olmert said.
奥尔默特说，西岸的加沙和定居者暴行极端苦难正在激发对以色列的日益激烈的愤怒，因为反犹太主义不能全部注销。
“In the United States there is more and more and more expanding expressions of hatred to Israel,” he said. “We make a discount to ourselves saying: ‘They are antisemites.’ I don’t think that they are only antisemites, I think many of them are anti-Israel because of what they watch on television, what they watch on social networks.
他说：“在美国，对以色列的仇恨表达越来越不断扩大。”“我们对自己说：‘他们是反犹太人。’我不认为他们只是反犹太人，我认为其中许多人是反以色列的，因为他们在电视上观看的是在社交网络上观看的。
“This is a painful but normal reaction of people who say: ‘Hey, you guys have crossed every possible line.’”
“这是一个痛苦但正常的反应，他们说：‘嘿，你们已经越过所有可能的线。’”
Attitudes inside Israel might start to shift only when Israelis started to feel the burden of international pressure, he said, calling for stronger international intervention in the absence of serious political opposition at home. He also criticised the Israeli media for its failure to report on violence against Palestinians.
他说，以色列内部的态度只有在以色列人开始感到国际压力的负担时，才可能开始改变，呼吁在没有严重的政治反对派的情况下进行更强大的国际干预。他还批评以色列媒体未能报告针对巴勒斯坦人的暴力行为。
View image in fullscreen Olmert said he could not refrain ‘from accusing this government of being responsible for war crimes’. Photograph: Quique Kierszenbaum/The Guardian
在全屏Olmert中查看图像说，他不能避免“指责该政府负责战争罪”。照片：Quique Kierszenbaum/Guardian
Olmert backed the initial campaign against Hamas after the 7 October 2023 attacks. But he said that, by this spring, when the Israeli government “publicly and in a brutal manner” abandoned negotiations for a permanent end to fighting, he had reached the conclusion his country was committing war crimes.
2023年10月7日袭击后，奥尔默特（Olmert）支持对哈马斯的最初战役。但是他说，到今年春天，当以色列政府“以残酷的方式公开”就放弃了为永久战斗的谈判时，他已经达成了他的国家正在犯下战争罪的结论。
“Ashamed and heartbroken” that a war of self-defence had become something else, he decided to speak out. “What can I do to change the attitude, except for number one, recognising these evils, and number two, to criticise them and to make sure the international public opinion knows there are [other] voices, many voices in Israel?” he asked.
“ ham愧和伤心欲绝”，自卫战已经成为其他事情，他决定大声疾呼。“除了第一名，认识到这些邪恶和第二个邪恶之外，我该怎么做才能改变态度，以批评它们，并确保国际公众舆论知道以色列有[其他]声音，许多声音？”他问。
He attributed what he called war crimes to negligence and a willingness to tolerate unconscionable levels of death and devastation, rather than an organised campaign of brutality. “[Did commanders] give an order? Never,” Olmert said.
他将所谓的战争罪归因于疏忽，并愿意容忍不合理的死亡和破坏程度，而不是有组织的残酷运动。奥尔默特说：“ [指挥官]下达了命令？从来没有。”
Instead, he believes the military looked away when things were done that would inevitably “cause the killing of a large number of non-involved people”. He said: “That is why I cannot refrain from accusing this government of being responsible for war crimes committed.”
取而代之的是，他认为，当做事不可避免地“导致大量无涉及人民杀害”时，军方的移开视线。他说：“这就是为什么我不能避免指责该政府对犯下的战争罪负责。”
Despite the devastation in Gaza, as the last Israeli premier to seriously attempt to reach a negotiated solution with Palestinians, Olmert still hopes that a two-state solution is possible.
尽管加沙造成了破坏，但作为最后一次试图与巴勒斯坦人谈判解决方案的以色列总理，奥尔默特仍然希望有可能有两国解决方案。
He is working with the former Palestinian foreign minister Nasser al-Kidwa to push for one internationally, and even believes that a historic settlement could be in reach – an end to the war in Gaza in exchange for normalisation of ties with Saudi Arabia – if only Netanyahu was able or willing to take it.
他正在与前巴勒斯坦外交大臣纳赛尔·阿尔·吉瓦（Nasser Al-Kidwa）合作，以国际上的一项努力，甚至认为历史性的定居点可能会达到 - 结束了加沙战争的终结，以换取与沙特阿拉伯的纽带的正常化 - 如果内塔尼亚胡（Netanyahu）有能力或愿意接受它。
Instead Olmert was stunned to see Netanyahu, a man who has an arrest warrant for war crimes from the international criminal court, nominating Donald Trump for a Nobel peace prize.
取而代之的是，奥尔默特（Olmert）震惊地看到了内塔尼亚胡（Netanyahu），他是一名因国际刑事法院的战争罪而逮捕了逮捕令，并提名唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）获得诺贝尔和平奖。
Additional reporting by Quique Kierszenbaum
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