F or decades there was an apparent paradox in horse-racing. The sport is lucrative (Mage, the winner of this year’s Kentucky Derby, earned his owner $1.9m) and simple—the fastest horse wins. Horses with good results and a good pedigree are used as breeding stock for the next generation. Horse-breeders were armed with plenty of data, a single trait to optimise, and strong incentives to do so. Yet several studies suggested that, despite their efforts, race times were not improving.
f或几十年来，赛马的悖论明显。这项运动是有利可图的（法师是今年肯塔基德比的获胜者，赢得了190万美元的所有者），而简单的胜利是最快的马。效果良好且良好的血统的马被用作下一代的繁殖库存。骑马人拥有大量数据，一个可以优化的单一特征，并激励了强烈的激励措施。然而，一些研究表明，尽管他们付出了巨大的努力，但比赛时间并没有改善。
