The pope didn’t take long to explain why he picked the name Leo. Two days after his election, he cited his inspiration: the preceding Pope Leo, who led the Church while the West confronted the social and economic disruptions of the Industrial Revolution. The world now faces “another industrial revolution,” Leo XIV said last month, spurred not by mechanized manufacturing but by artificial intelligence. In particular, he noted the challenges that AI poses to “human dignity, justice, and labor,” three concerns that his 19th-century namesake prioritized as he responded to the technological transformations of his time.
教皇很快就可以解释为什么他选择了狮子座这个名字。当选后两天，他引用了他的灵感：前任教皇狮子座，他领导教会，而西方面对工业革命的社会和经济破坏。Leo XIV上个月表示，世界现在面临着“另一个工业革命”，不是由机械化制造而是由人工智能刺激。他特别指出，AI对“人类尊严，正义和劳动”所构成的挑战，三个担心的问题是，他的19世纪同名人物在回应时代的技术转变时优先考虑。
In 1891, Leo XIII published Rerum Novarum, a moral and intellectual framework that addressed the growing inequality, materialism, and exploitation ushered in by the Industrial Revolution. The current pope has signaled that AI’s arrival demands a similar intervention; if the earlier Leo’s tenure is any indication, it could be the most ambitious and enduring project of Leo XIV’s papacy. Rerum Novarum will be a guiding influence.
1891年，利奥十三世（Leo XIII）出版了novarum，这是一种道德和知识框架，旨在解决工业革命越来越不平等，唯物主义和剥削。当前的教皇表明AI的到来需要类似的干预。如果较早的狮子座的任期有任何迹象，那可能是狮子座教皇的最雄心勃勃，最持久的项目。纳维拉姆（Rerum Novarum）将是一个指导的影响。
Leo XIII insisted in Rerum Novarum that labor is both “personal” and “necessary” for each individual, and that societies should protect the dignity of their workers as they pursue economic growth. Idolizing capital widens inequality, hence the “misery and wretchedness” that many employers inflicted on much of the working class during the Industrial Revolution. The pope stated that socialism was no solution, but that employers must guarantee their workers reasonable hours, just wages, safe workplaces, and the right to unionize.
利奥十二世坚持认为，诺维拉姆（Novarum）坚持，劳动既是每个人的“个人”和“必要”，并且社会应在追求经济增长时保护其工人的尊严。偶像化资本扩大了不平等，因此，许多雇主在工业革命期间对工人阶级的大部分雇主造成了“痛苦和痛苦”。教皇指出，社会主义不是解决方案，但是雇主必须保证其工人合理的工作时间，工资，安全的工作场所和工会的权利。
Randy Boyagoda: The pope’s most revealing choice so far
兰迪·博伊戈达（Randy Boyagoda）：教皇到目前为止最启发的选择
These statements by the Church gave crucial backing to workers’ movements and civic organizations fighting for labor protections. In Europe, Rerum Novarum consolidated Catholic support for workers and bolstered the political influence of labor unions, many of which adopted Christian principles to advance their cause. Leo XIII’s interventions played a significant role in the United States as well. The pope supported American worker movements such as the Knights of Labor, and inspired Catholic reformers including Monsignor John Ryan, whose advocacy for a universal living wage influenced architects of the New Deal. Leo XIII also commissioned the likes of Saint Frances Cabrini and Saint Katharine Drexel to expand their missionary work, ultimately seeding hospitals, schools, orphanages, and public-housing complexes that addressed injustices faced particularly by immigrants, Black Americans, and Native Americans.
教会的这些言论为工人的运动和为劳动保护而战的公民组织提供了至关重要的支持。在欧洲，novarum重新巩固了天主教对工人的支持，并加强了工会的政治影响，其中许多人采用了基督教原则来促进其事业。Leo XIII的干预措施在美国也发挥了重要作用。教皇支持美国工人的运动，例如劳动骑士团，并启发了包括天主教改革者约翰·瑞安（John Ryan），他的倡导普遍生活工资影响了新政的建筑师。Leo XIII还委托了圣弗朗西斯·卡布里尼（Saint Frances Cabrini）和圣凯瑟琳·德雷克塞尔（Saint Katharine Drexel），以扩大他们的宣教工作，最终使医院，学校，孤儿院和公共空间综合体涉及解决尤其是移民，黑人美国人和美洲原住民和美洲原住民和美国本地人所面临的不公正现象。
Rerum Novarum also had a profound influence on the Catholic Church itself. The document inaugurated what’s now known as modern Catholic social teaching, an expansive intellectual tradition that emphasizes the common good, social justice, human dignity, and concern for the poor.
Rerum Novarum对天主教会本身也产生了深远的影响。该文件开设了现在所谓的现代天主教社会教学，这是一种广泛的知识传统，强调了穷人的共同利益，社会正义，人类尊重和关注。
Now Leo XIV has an opportunity to update this tradition for the age of AI. Like his namesake, he could marshal the Church’s intellectual, cultural, and institutional resources, helping build a moral consensus about how to use a new technology that threatens to degrade humanity rather than serve it. Vice President J. D. Vance recently conceded that America is not equipped to provide this kind of leadership, but that the Catholic Church is.
现在，Leo XIV有机会为AI时代更新这一传统。像他的同名人物一样，他可以将教会的智力，文化和机构资源纳入，以帮助建立道德共识，以了解如何使用一种威胁性降解人类而不是服务于人类的新技术。副总统J. D. Vance最近承认，美国没有能力提供这种领导，而是天主教会。
Leo has plenty of material to work with. Earlier this year, two administrative bodies within the Vatican produced an advisory document called Antiqua et Nova, which uses the Catholic intellectual tradition to argue that AI cannot engage with the world as a human can. For one thing, no technology has the capacity “to savor what is true, good, and beautiful,” the authors write. Lacking interiority and a conscience, AI cannot authentically grasp meaning, assume moral accountability, or form relationships. As a result, the document contends, developers and users must take responsibility for AI products, ensuring that they don’t exacerbate inequality, impose unsustainable environmental costs, or make decisions in war that could result in the indiscriminate loss of life.
狮子座有很多可以使用的材料。今年早些时候，梵蒂冈内部的两个行政机构制作了一份名为Antiqua et Nova的咨询文件，该文件利用天主教知识分子传统认为AI不能像人类一样与世界互动。作者写道，一方面，没有技术可以“品尝真实，善良和美丽的东西”。AI缺乏内在性和良心，无法真实地掌握意义，承担道德责任或形成关系。结果，该文件认为，开发人员和用户必须对AI产品承担责任，以确保他们不会加剧不平等，施加不可持续的环境成本或在战争中做出决定，这可能导致不可分割的生命丧失。
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Both of us have contributed to initiatives that seek to better understand AI in the context of Catholic social teaching. Mariele is a member of an AI research group within the Vatican that recently published a book, Encountering Artificial Intelligence, that considers the ethical impacts of AI in politics, education, the family, and other spheres of life. In health care, for example, AI can help improve access to certain kinds of assessment and treatment, but it can also perpetuate disparities through biases reflected in data, or disrupt the relationship between patients and health-care professionals. We are both part of a cohort at the University of Southern California investigating the ethical and social implications of transhumanism, especially as it intersects with AI. The group consists mostly of theologians and Catholic bioethicists, but we have found that many scholars working outside the Catholic tradition are eager to engage with the Church’s thinking on these issues. Encouraging such collaboration will be crucial for Leo.
我们俩都为在天主教社会教学的背景下旨在更好地理解AI的举措做出了贡献。玛丽埃尔（Mariele）是梵蒂冈（Vatican）内AI研究小组的成员，该小组最近出版了一本书《遇到人工智能》，该书考虑了AI在政治，教育，家庭和其他生活领域中的道德影响。例如，在医疗保健中，AI可以帮助改善某些类型的评估和治疗的访问，但它也可以通过反映在数据中的偏见或破坏患者与医疗保健专业人员之间的关系来使差异永存。我们都是南加州大学的一部分，研究了超人类主义的道德和社会含义，尤其是当它与AI相交时。该小组主要由神学家和天主教生物伦理学家组成，但我们发现，在天主教传统之外工作的许多学者都渴望从事教会对这些问题的思考。鼓励这种合作对狮子座至关重要。
As was true of the technology of the Industrial Revolution, AI will become most dangerous when economies prioritize profit and technological development over human flourishing and the dignity of labor. Left unregulated, markets will continually choose efficiency at the expense of workers, risking widespread unemployment and the dehumanization of the kinds of work that manage to survive. If the social order does not put technology at the service of people, markets will put the latter at the service of the former.
正如工业革命的技术一样，当经济优先考虑利润和技术发展而不是人类繁荣和劳动尊严时，AI将变得最危险。左派不受监管，市场将不断以牺牲工人为代价，冒着广泛失业的风险和设法生存的工作类型的非人性化。如果社会秩序没有为人们服务，那么市场将使后者成为前者的服务。
Although the Church may not have the same influence in the secular 21st century that it did in the 19th, there are signs of a possible Catholic resurgence—particularly among young people—that could help Leo reach a wider audience. Just as it did during the first Industrial Revolution, the Church has a chance to help safeguard work that is dignified, justly paid, and commensurate with human flourishing. The pope’s new name is a hopeful sign that this responsibility won’t go unmet.
尽管教会在21世纪的世俗影响与19世纪的影响不一样，但仍有可能在年轻人中尤其是天主教复兴的迹象，可以帮助Leo吸引更多的观众。就像在第一次工业革命期间一样，教会也有机会帮助维护庄严，付费和与人类蓬勃发展相称的工作。教皇的新名字是一个充满希望的信号，表明这一责任不会达到未满足。
