The so-called moderate Republicans promised they would not slash Medicaid. Conservatives vowed not to explode the national debt. Party leaders insisted that they would not lump a jumble of unrelated policies into a single enormous piece of legislation and rush that bill through Congress before any reasonable person had time to read it.
所谓的温和共和党人承诺他们不会削减医疗补助。保守派发誓不爆炸国债。党的领导人坚持认为，他们不会将一系列无关的政策纳入一项巨大的立法中，并在任何合理的人有时间阅读它之前通过国会赶上该法案。
But President Donald Trump wanted his “big, beautiful bill” enacted in time to sign it with a celebratory flourish on America’s birthday. And so nearly all GOP lawmakers in the House and Senate, setting aside these and many other pledges, principles, and policy demands, did what the president desired.
但是唐纳德·特朗普总统希望及时制定他的“大而美丽的账单”，以在美国的生日那天以庆祝活动蓬勃发展。因此，众议院和参议院中几乎所有共和党议员都搁置了这些以及许多其他承诺，原则和政策要求，都做到了总统所需的一切。
The legislation that cleared the Senate and House this week is many things, and it does fulfill some core promises that Trump made as a candidate: The measure makes permanent his first-term tax cuts (and reduces some taxes even further), injects billions in new spending for immigration enforcement and national defense, and rolls back some of the incentives for clean energy enacted by the predecessor whom Trump loathes, Joe Biden.
本周清除参议院和众议院的立法是很多事情，它确实实现了特朗普作为候选人的一些核心承诺：这项措施使他的第一任税收永久降低（并进一步减少了一些税收），将数十亿美元的新支出注射到移民执法和国防上的新支出，并逐渐使某些动机驱动了一定的能力，以使预言的能力宣布为预言，牛的bid trark trark trark trave bid trave bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid bid。
Ultimately, however, its passage through narrow Republican majorities is the most consequential demonstration yet of how tightly Trump controls his party. To fulfill the president’s wishes and meet his arbitrary deadline, some Republicans reneged on pledges to oppose deep social-safety-net cuts, while others abandoned efforts to preserve tax credits that benefited their states and districts. Spending hawks who vowed to uphold some semblance of fiscal responsibility caved rather than stand firm for deeper cuts.
然而，归根结底，它通过狭窄的共和党多数派，是迄今为止特朗普如何控制他的政党的最重要的演示。为了实现总统的意愿并满足他的任意截止日期，一些共和党人拒绝了反对深厚的社会安全网络削减的承诺，而另一些共和党人则放弃了努力，以维护使他们的州和地区受益的税收抵免。誓言，誓言要维护一些财政责任的鹰派，而不是坚定地坚持更深入的削减。
Annie Lowrey: A big, bad, very ugly bill
安妮·洛瑞（Annie Lowrey）：一个大，糟糕，非常丑陋的比尔
Democrats made all of these arguments many times over, to little avail. But so did one surprising Republican, Senator Thom Tillis of North Carolina, who opposed the bill and then immediately announced his retirement rather than face the electoral ramifications of infuriating Trump. Tillis has developed a reputation as a bipartisan dealmaker during his decade in the Senate. But he is not usually a renegade. Senators Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska vote more frequently with Democrats than he does. Others in the party had drawn brighter red lines during the debate over Trump’s bill. Once Tillis abandoned his bid for a third term, however, he became the GOP’s truth-teller. “I think the people in the White House—the amateurs advising the president—are not telling him that the effect of this bill is to break a promise,” Tillis said on the Senate floor, referring to the legislation’s health-care cuts.
民主党人多次提出所有这些论点，几乎没有用。但是，一个令人惊讶的共和党人，北卡罗来纳州的参议员汤姆·蒂利斯（Thom Tillis）也反对该法案，然后立即宣布退休，而不是面对激怒特朗普的选举后果。在参议院的十年中，蒂利斯（Tillis）在两党的交易商中享有声誉。但是他通常不是叛徒。缅因州的参议员苏珊·柯林斯（Susan Collins）和阿拉斯加的丽莎·默科夫斯基（Lisa Murkowski）对民主党人的投票频率比他更频繁。党内的其他人在有关特朗普法案的辩论中提出了更明亮的红线。但是，一旦蒂利斯（Tillis）放弃了他的出价，他成为共和党的真相讲师。蒂利斯在参议院楼上说：“我认为白宫中的人民 - 业余爱好者并不告诉他这项法案的影响是打破诺言。”
Two of his colleagues, Senators Josh Hawley of Missouri and Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, took a different path. For months, Hawley had waged a campaign against cutting Medicaid, arguing as recently as May that doing so would be “morally wrong and politically suicidal.” Bit by bit, he softened his stance. He first acquiesced to an initial version of the bill that instituted work requirements for Medicaid, and then he accepted even deeper cuts in the Senate’s version. By the time the bill came to the floor, Hawley had given up entirely. Rather than block the bill, he vowed to try to stop the changes he voted for from being implemented over the coming years.
他的两个同事，密苏里州的参议员乔什·霍利（Josh Hawley）和威斯康星州的罗恩·约翰逊（Ron Johnson）走了一条不同的道路。几个月来，霍利一直开展一项反对切割医疗补助的运动，最初辩称，这样做“在道德上是错误的，在政治上是自杀的”。一点一点地，他软化了立场。他首先默认了该法案的初始版本，该法案提出了医疗补助的工作要求，然后他接受了参议院版本中更深入的削减。当账单到达地板时，霍利已经完全放弃了。他没有阻止该法案，而是发誓要阻止他投票的变化在未来几年内实施。
Johnson railed against the bill from the opposite direction, criticizing the rush to pass it and insisting on far deeper spending cuts rather than adding trillions to the debt. He held out a little longer than Hawley. Johnson initially voted to block the bill, relenting on Saturday night only after he and a few other conservatives had secured the GOP leadership’s support for an amendment that could effectively end the expansion of Medicaid under Barack Obama’s Affordable Care Act. But the proposal encountered swift resistance, and by the time of the final Senate vote on the megabill Tuesday, the conservatives had withdrawn the amendment. Johnson, like Hawley, had fallen in line.
约翰逊从相反的方向反对该法案，批评急于通过该法案并坚持更深的支出削减，而不是增加债务。他拿出比霍利更长的时间。约翰逊最初投票决定阻止该法案，直到他和其他一些保守党获得了共和党领导人对修正案的支持后，他才在周六晚上进行了屈服，该修正案可以有效地结束根据巴拉克·奥巴马（Barack Obama）的《平价医疗法案》的扩大。但是该提议遇到了迅速的抵抗，到周二大比比尔的最后一票投票时，保守党撤回了修正案。约翰逊像霍利一样，排队。
Polls show that the Trump bill is deeply unpopular, but for most in the GOP, the public’s view has not been an overriding concern. Over the past two decades, both parties have become accustomed to thin congressional majorities and fleeting windows of opportunity to enact their agendas. When I spoke with Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, the chair of the House Appropriations Committee, earlier this year, he summarized the party’s attitude: “We could get nothing done, in which case I guarantee you, we’ll be punished” by the voters, Cole told me. But with just a three-seat House majority, he noted, Republicans might be damned either way. “History would tell you we would normally lose the majority in the midterms anyway,” Cole said. “So when you got it, you ought to use it.”
民意测验表明，特朗普法案非常不受欢迎，但对于共和党中的大多数人来说，公众的看法并不是一个重要的关注点。在过去的二十年中，双方都已经习惯了国会多数席位，并为制定议程的机会转瞬即逝。当我与众议院拨款委员会主席俄克拉荷马州的代表汤姆·科尔（Tom Cole）交谈时，他总结了该党的态度：“我们什么也没做，在这种情况下，我保证您，我们将受到选民的惩罚”，科尔告诉我。他指出，但是只有三座众议院的多数席位，共和党人可能会被诅咒。科尔说：“历史会告诉你，无论如何，我们通常会在中期失去多数席位。”“因此，当您获得它时，您应该使用它。”
Read: Even Tom Cole is defending DOGE
阅读：甚至汤姆·科尔（Tom Cole）都在捍卫总督
The collapse of GOP opposition to the Trump bill in the Senate repeated itself in the House. There, too, Republicans from both ends of the party mounted seemingly firm stands against the proposal—when the House first considered the bill in May and then again after the Senate passed its version this week—only to fold under pressure from the president and GOP leaders. In a series of votes throughout the night, dissenters turned to supporters without winning any changes to the bill. The trend was foreseeable, if not inevitable. Nearly universally, Republicans backed the underlying tenets of the bill—preventing an across-the-board tax hike while funding Trump’s immigration crackdown—and they agreed on the urgency of passing it this summer. Even the measure’s few consistent critics, such as Senator Rand Paul and Representative Thomas Massie, both of Kentucky, wanted to extend the tax cuts.
共和党反对参议院特朗普法案的崩溃在众议院重复。同样在党的两端共和党人也持明公司的共和党人反对这一提议，当众议院在本周通过了本周通过了该法案之后，当众议院首先考虑该法案时，仅在总统和共和党领导人的压力下再次折叠。在整夜的一系列选票中，持不同政见者转向支持者，而没有赢得对法案的任何更改。即使不是不可避免的，这种趋势是可以预见的。几乎普遍地，共和党人支持了该法案的基本原则，在资助了特朗普的移民镇压时，对全面的税收进行了预防 - 他们同意了今年夏天通过的紧迫性。即使是该措施的少数一致的批评家，例如参议员兰德·保罗（Rand Paul）和肯塔基州的代表托马斯·马西（Thomas Massie），都希望扩大减税措施。
So did Murkowski, the Alaska moderate. In 2017, she joined Collins and a defiant Senator John McCain of Arizona to thwart Trump’s attempt to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Murkowski has continued to oppose Trump occasionally during the early months of his second term. But she has acknowledged that the threat of retaliation from the president weighs on her and her colleagues. “We are all afraid,” Murkowski said in April. This time around, she negotiated carve-outs for Alaska from some of the worst effects of the Trump bill, drawing unfavorable comparisons to the backroom deals Democrats struck to win votes for the ACA.
阿拉斯加中度的默科夫斯基也是如此。2017年，她加入了柯林斯（Collins）和亚利桑那州的反抗参议员约翰·麦凯恩（John McCain），以阻止特朗普企图废除《平价医疗法案》。默科夫斯基在第二任期的早期几个月中偶尔继续反对特朗普。但是她已经承认，总统的报复威胁对她和她的同事们表示权衡。“我们都害怕，”默科夫斯基在四月说。这次，她从特朗普法案的一些最糟糕的影响中谈判了阿拉斯加的雕刻，使民主党人赢得了ACA的票数，使不利的比较进行了比较。
“Do I like this bill? No,” Murkowski told Ryan Nobles of NBC News. “I tried to take care of Alaska’s interests. But I know that in many parts of the country, there are Americans that are not going to be advantaged by this bill.” In a separate statement, Murkowski referred to the legislation as “a bad bill.” Yet when it came up for a vote Tuesday, she provided the vote that ensured its passage.
“我喜欢这个法案吗？“我试图照顾阿拉斯加的利益。但是我知道，在该国许多地区，有些美国人不会受到这项法案的优势。”在另一份声明中，默科夫斯基将立法称为“一项糟糕的法案”。然而，当星期二投票时，她提供了确保通过的投票。
