The other night, while watching a baseball game, I saw my first ad for self-deportation. One minute Shohei Ohtani was at the plate and then suddenly there was Kristi Noem, the Department of Homeland Security secretary, looking stern and urging immigrants to self-deport using the administration’s new app, CBP Home.
前一天晚上，在观看棒球比赛时，我看到了我的第一个广告以进行自我替代。一分钟的Shohei Ohtani在盘子上，然后突然有国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆（Kristi Noem）看上去很严厉，并敦促移民使用政府的新应用程序CBP Home自欺欺人。
“Do what’s right,” Noem advised. “Leave now.”
“做正确的事，”诺姆建议。“现在离开。”
The taxpayer-funded ad had started like a campaign commercial, praising President Donald Trump for locking down the southern border. Then it flashed images of rape suspects, alleged gang members, and others arrested by ICE. And then came footage of U.S. deportees sent to El Salvador, stripped to their underwear and forced to kneel before black-clad prison guards in masks. “If you are here illegally, you’re next,” Noem said into the camera. She seemed to imply that anyone who doesn’t use CBP Home will go straight to the Gulag.
纳税人资助的广告像竞选广告一样开始，称赞唐纳德·特朗普总统锁定南部边界。然后，它闪烁了强奸嫌疑人，涉嫌帮派成员以及其他被ICE逮捕的图像。然后是派往萨尔瓦多的美国被驱逐出境的镜头，剥去了内衣，被迫跪在黑色的狱警戴口罩之前。“如果您非法在这里，您是下一个。” Noem在相机中说。她似乎暗示任何不使用CBP房屋的人都会直接进入古拉格。
Adam Serwer: The deportation show
亚当·塞尔沃（Adam Serwer）：驱逐出境表演
“You will never return,” Noem said. “But if you register using our CBP Home app and leave now, you could be allowed to return legally.”
“你永远不会回来，”诺姆说。“但是，如果您使用我们的CBP Home应用程序注册并立即离开，则可以合法地返回。”
Noem’s carrot-or-stick offer distilled the broader messaging strategy of the mass-deportation campaign at the center of Trump’s second term. The campaign, and its goal of 1 million deportations a year, has been designed to generate fear using harsh enforcement tactics and lurid imagery: military flights to Guantánamo, foreign prison cells packed with face-tattooed inmates, federal agents in battle gear fanning out in U.S. streets like they’re storming Fallujah.
诺伊姆（Noem）的胡萝卜（Noem）或粘贴的派遣提议在特朗普第二任期的中心蒸馏了大规模排斥运动的更广泛的消息传递策略。该运动及其每年100万个驱逐出境的目标旨在使用严酷的执法策略和lurid图像来产生恐惧：飞往关塔那摩的军事飞行，外国监狱牢房里装满了脸部纹身的囚犯，联邦代理商，在美国街上的战斗装备中的联邦代理商（如他们在美国的街道上散发出来）。
The more the Trump administration can scare immigrants, the more likely they will opt to leave on their own, officials have told me. They view self-deportation as a more humane alternative to ICE handcuffs and believe that its appeal will grow as the crackdown intensifies. But how to encourage self-deporters and keep track of their departures? That’s what CBP Home is for.
官员告诉我，特朗普政府越吓移民的移民越吓移民，他们就越有可能选择离开移民。他们将自我替代视为冰上手铐的更人性化的替代品，并认为随着镇压的加剧，其吸引力将会增强。但是，如何鼓励自助者并跟踪他们的离开呢？这就是CBP家的目的。
The Trump administration has not said how many people have used CBP Home to self-deport. But a senior administration official told me that more than 7,000 people have signed up so far, and of those, more than 3,000 have confirmed departures using the app. Use of the app is growing fast, but that’s still fewer than than the number of people ICE officers arrest over an average three-day period. The administration is trying to scare migrants into leaving while expecting their trust and personal information on the way out.
特朗普政府尚未说过有多少人使用CBP的房屋来自欺欺人。但是一位高级政府官员告诉我，到目前为止，已有7,000多人签约，其中3,000多人证实使用该应用程序出发。该应用程序的使用快速增长，但这仍然比平均三天的冰官员逮捕的人数要少。政府正试图吓tairlants离开移民，同时期待他们的信任和个人信息。
The Trump administration sees the app as a psychological instrument of its policy goals—which, ironically, is how the Biden administration also used it.
特朗普政府认为该应用程序是其政策目标的心理工具，具有讽刺意味的是，拜登政府也使用它。
In January 2023, when record numbers of migrants were streaming across the U.S.-Mexico border illegally each month, Biden officials turned to CBP One, a scheduling app that had been set up years earlier by U.S. Customs and Border Protection primarily to facilitate cargo inspections for trucking companies. Biden officials rejiggered it to allow asylum seekers to book an appointment at an official border crossing. Instead of hiring a smuggler to cross illegally, smartphone users could upload their personal information and photo, then await an appointment. CBP offered about 1,500 appointments a day all along the border at a time when illegal crossings were averaging more than 8,000 daily.
2023年1月，当每月非法跨越美国 - 墨西哥边境的移民数量流媒体时，拜登官员转向CBP One，这是一个日程安排应用程序，该应用程序是在几年前由美国海关和边境保护措施建立的，主要是为了促进货运公司的货物检查。拜登官员重新启动了它，以允许寻求庇护者在正式的边境过境点预约。智能手机用户无需雇用走私者非法跨越，而是可以上传其个人信息和照片，然后等待约会。在非法穿越平均每天有8,000多个时，CBP每天在边境沿线约有1,500次约会。
Immigrant-advocacy groups denounced the move as a ploy to deny safe refuge to people fleeing for their lives. The app was glitchy and prone to crashing, they said, and it forced applicants to wait months in dangerous Mexican border cities. But CBP One soon began to work as intended. Illegal crossings fell as more people waited for an appointment and the chance to make a legal, safe entry. The app became a key component in the Biden administration’s effort to tame border chaos by expanding opportunities for migrants to enter lawfully while cracking down on illegal entries.
移民倡导团体谴责这一举动是剥夺逃离生命的人们的安全庇护所的策略。他们说，该应用程序很容易崩溃，这迫使申请人在危险的墨西哥边境城市等待几个月。但是CBP One很快开始按预期工作。随着越来越多的人等待约会，并有机会进行合法，安全的入境，非法过境就下降了。该应用程序成为拜登政府努力驯服边境混乱的关键组成部分，通过扩大移民合法进入的机会，同时打击非法参赛作品。
I went to Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, a few months after the app’s debut to see how it was working. Dozens of people with appointments lined up every morning on the bridge to El Paso, Texas, passports and other documents in hand. There were many, many others waiting on the Mexico side for their number to be called. They were anxious and impatient but generally willing to wait if it meant that their families had a better shot at legal status. The app became the primary way for migrants to access the U.S. asylum system and start the process of applying for U.S. protection.
该应用程序首次亮相几个月后，我去了墨西哥的华雷斯城市，看看它的工作原理。每天早晨，数十人都在埃尔帕索，德克萨斯州，护照和其他文件中排队。有很多其他人在墨西哥一方等待他们的电话号码。他们焦虑和急躁，但通常愿意等待，如果这意味着他们的家人对法律地位有更好的攻击。该应用程序成为移民进入美国庇护系统并开始申请美国保护的过程的主要方式。
Juliette Kayyem: The border got quieter, so Trump had to act
朱丽叶·凯耶姆（Juliette Kayyem）：边界变得更加安静，所以特朗普必须采取行动
Joe Biden’s critics were not impressed. No administration had ever used executive parole authority—the president’s ability to waive people in without a visa—on such a scale. Republicans denounced CBP One as an “open border” app and “Ticketmaster for illegal immigration.” On the campaign trail, then-candidate Trump called it “the Kamala phone app for smuggling illegals.” Over two years, Biden allowed nearly 1 million migrants to enter the country using CBP One.
乔·拜登（Joe Biden）的批评家没有印象深刻。没有任何政府在这样的规模上使用行政假释权力 - 总统在没有签证的情况下放弃人们的能力。共和党人谴责CBP One为“开放边境”应用程序，并谴责“非法移民的Ticketmaster”。在竞选活动中，当时的候选人特朗普称其为“用于走私非法的卡马拉电话应用程序”。两年来，拜登允许将近100万移民使用CBP ONE进入该国。
Trump froze CBP One entries on his first day in office and canceled the pending appointments of 30,000 migrants who’d finally had their number called. CBP One appeared to be finished. But Stephen Miller, the powerful White House adviser behind Trump’s mass-deportation campaign, had been working on a plan to use the app for a completely different purpose.
特朗普在办公室的第一天就冻结了CBP One参赛作品，并取消了30,000名移民的任命，他们终于有电话。CBP ONE似乎已经完成。但是，特朗普大规模排斥运动背后的白宫顾问斯蒂芬·米勒（Stephen Miller）一直在努力将应用程序用于完全不同的目的。
Trump officials relaunched CBP One in March, changing its name to CBP Home. Its new purpose is to allow migrants to schedule their own self-deportations. DHS has sweetened the offer with a $1,000 “exit bonus” payment to approved participants, along with subsidized airfare and temporary protection from ICE enforcement. The government says it will even provide free rides to the airport. The app, which is also available in Spanish and Haitian Creole, can be used by any migrant without a criminal record who has been “illegally present” in the United States—“for an hour, a month, or 50 years,” the government says.
特朗普官员在三月份重新推出了CBP One，将其名称改为CBP。它的新目的是允许移民安排自己的自我替代。国土安全部以$ 1,000的“退出奖金”付款向已批准的参与者提供了$ 1,000的“退出奖金”，并提供了补贴的机票和临时保护，以防止ICE执法。政府表示，它甚至将为机场提供免费乘车。政府说，该应用程序也可以使用西班牙和海地克里奥尔语，任何移民都可以使用没有犯罪记录的任何移民使用，这些犯罪记录在美国“非法存在” - “一个小时，一个月或50年”。
ICE’s pitch for CBP Home reads like an HR email to a laid-off employee, gently likening illegal presence to a passing phase in one’s life. “Self-deporting simply means you leave the U.S. before you encounter immigration officials,” the agency says. “Everyone’s process is different. You may want to let your employer, your friends, and your family know you’re leaving. You may also want to help find support for the people you care about, pack up the things you’d like to bring with you, or make living arrangements for the next phase of your journey.”
ICE的CBP家庭宣传就像是给裁员员工的人力资源电子邮件一样，将非法存在轻轻地比喻为一生中的传球阶段。该机构说：“自欺欺人只是意味着您在遇到移民官员之前就离开美国。”“每个人的过程都不同。您可能想让您的雇主，朋友和您的家人知道您要离开。
I recently spoke at length with a senior administration official involved in the relaunch of CBP Home and the self-deportation strategy. Miller came up with the idea of rebranding the much-maligned CBP app, according to the official, who was not authorized to speak on the record. The political symbolism—using the app to subtract immigrants, rather than schedule their entry—was irresistible.
我最近与一位重新启动CBP房屋和自我居住策略的高级政府官员进行了详尽的交谈。据该官员说，米勒提出了重新品牌化的CBP应用程序的想法，该官员无权在记录中发言。政治象征主义 - 使应用程序减去移民，而不是安排他们的进入 - 是不可抗拒的。
The app is geared especially toward the growing numbers of immigrants who have been living and working legally in the United States with some form of provisional residency that Trump has taken away. They include the 1 million people who used CBP One to enter as “parolees,” along with the more than 500,000 from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela who arrived through a separate Biden program. Trump has told them to leave the United States immediately. Another roughly 1 million immigrants with Temporary Protected Status—from Venezuela, Afghanistan, Honduras, and more than a dozen other nations—are at risk of losing their legal status or already have.
该应用程序尤其是针对越来越多的移民，他们在美国合法地生活和工作，特朗普带走了某种形式的临时居留权。其中包括使用CBP One作为“假释”进入的100万人，以及来自古巴，海地，尼加拉瓜和委内瑞拉的超过500,000人通过一个单独的Biden计划到达。特朗普告诉他们立即离开美国。另一名具有暂时保护地位的移民，包括委内瑞拉，阿富汗，洪都拉斯和其他十几个国家，面临失去法律地位或已经拥有的数十个国家。
Trump has introduced additional bureaucratic coercions to get more people to leave: $998-a-day fines for migrants who are “illegally present,” and potential criminal penalties for those who fail to provide the government with their personal information and whereabouts through a new “registry.” Fines will be waived for CBP Home users who self-deport, ICE says.
特朗普引入了额外的官僚胁迫，以使更多的人离开：每天为“非法存在”的移民罚款998美元，并对那些未能通过新的“注册表”提供个人信息和下落的人对那些未能为政府提供个人信息和下落的人罚款。ICE说，自我消耗的CBP家庭用户将免除罚款。
Read: Trump’s deportations aren’t what they seem
阅读：特朗普的驱逐出境不是他们的样子
The Department of Homeland Security recently published a promotional video showing happy-looking families boarding a self-deportation flight to Honduras and Colombia after accepting the cash stipends. DHS called it “Project Homecoming”; staffers handed out free toys on the tarmac. One young family got a stuffed elephant and a handful of Colombian flags before climbing the stairs to the plane. A staffer handed a pink teddy bear to a shy little girl who looked no older than 3. No one in the video explains why they chose to leave or even speaks at all.
国土安全部最近发布了一个促销视频，显示了登上洪都拉斯和哥伦比亚的自我替代航班的愉快家庭，接受了现金津贴。国土安全部称其为“归乡项目”；工作人员在停机坪上分发了免费玩具。一个年轻的家庭在将楼梯爬上飞机之前，得到了一只塞满的大象和几个哥伦比亚旗帜。一名工作人员将一只粉红色的泰迪熊交给一个看上去不到3岁的害羞的小女孩。视频中没有人解释为什么他们选择离开甚至说话。
DHS wants the self-deportation flights to serve as a “visual contrast” to the fearsome videos of the deportations to the Salvadoran prison, the official told me, where “you get loaded off in handcuffs and get a haircut.” The videos promoting self-deportation are part of a $200 million domestic and international DHS ad campaign.
官员告诉我，DHS希望与驱逐出境的可怕视频成为“视觉对比”，这是官员告诉我的，“您在戴上手铐并理发了。”促进自我替代的视频是一项耗资2亿美元的国内和国际DHS广告活动的一部分。
I checked with half a dozen or so immigration attorneys to see if they have clients considering the administration’s offer. No takers yet, they said. “I have a feeling that it will start happening soon,” Jonathan Ryan, an attorney in Texas who represents asylum seekers and refugees, told me. “People are in shock right now, but I suspect the next step will be to start looking at their options.”
我检查了六个左右的移民律师，以查看他们是否有客户考虑政府的提议。他们说，还没有接受者。“我有种感觉很快就会开始发生，”得克萨斯州代表寻求庇护者和难民的律师乔纳森·瑞安（Jonathan Ryan）告诉我。“人们现在感到震惊，但我怀疑下一步将是开始寻找他们的选择。”
Some economists predict that the foreign-born population of the United States could shrink in 2025 for the first time in 50 years as a result of Trump’s crackdown. It’s unclear how many people have voluntarily left the United States without using the app or telling the government.
一些经济学家预测，由于特朗普的镇压，美国外国出生的人口可能会在2025年第一次缩小。目前尚不清楚有多少人在不使用该应用程序或告诉政府的情况下自愿离开美国。
Biden officials used the CBP app to tap into migrants’ hopes; Trump is banking on their fears. For the app to be a success—and to match the level of usage that Biden officials achieved—the administration is working to make ICE deportations as scary and intimidating as possible.
拜登官员使用CBP应用程序利用移民的希望。特朗普正在坚持他们的恐惧。为了使该应用程序取得成功，并且要符合Biden官员所取得的使用水平，该政府正在努力使冰驱逐出境尽可能令人恐惧和吓人。
The administration expects use of CBP Home to grow if it can convince more migrants that it’s only a matter of time before ICE finds them, the senior official told me. “It’s a very dignified way of leaving on your own terms, as opposed to the harsher version of having to be encountered and apprehended by ICE at an unknown time and place,” the official said.
高级官员告诉我，政府预计，如果能说服更多的移民说出更多的移民，那么它将使用CBP的房屋增长。这位官员说：“这是一种非常有尊严的方式，可以按照自己的条件离开，而不是在不知名的时间和地点遇到和逮捕ICE的更严厉的版本。”
The official told me that the self-deportation plan is easily “scalable” and meant to expand as the pace of ICE arrests and deportations increases. Because parolees had to provide the government with their contact information and other personal data when they entered the country using CBP One, the government has much more ability to reach them and ratchet up the pressure than it has with other migrants who arrived undetected.
这位官员告诉我，自我延长计划很容易“可扩展”，并旨在随着冰的逮捕和驱逐出境的增加而扩展。由于假释者使用CBP One进入该国时必须为政府提供其联系信息和其他个人数据，因此政府具有与其他未被发现的移民相比，政府具有更大的能力并弥补压力。
DHS is telling migrants that voluntary departure through CBP Home may improve their “future immigration options.” Trump officials have not said what that means. Immigrant advocates say it sounds like a ruse to trick people into thinking they’ll arrive home and be able to apply for a visa to come right back, which is not the case. The DHS official I spoke with said there is no formal mechanism to reward a visa applicant who previously registered a departure through CBP Home, though their decision would be viewed favorably during the review process.
国土安全部告诉移民，通过CBP房屋的自愿离开可能会改善其“未来移民选择”。特朗普官员没有说这意味着什么。移民拥护者说，听起来像是一种诡计，欺骗人们以为他们会回到家并能够申请签证，这并非如此。我与之交谈的DHS官员说，没有正式的机制来奖励签证申请人以前通过CBP房屋登记的签证申请人，尽管在审查过程中将有利地看出他们的决定。
Andrea Flores, a former Biden-administration immigration adviser who is now a policy director at the advocacy group FWD.us, told me DHS’s messaging is “incredibly dishonest.” The agency is employing social media “to misuse images of either compassion or to overuse images of harsh criminality,” Flores said.
前Biden-Administration移民顾问Andrea Flores现在是倡导组织FWD.US的政策总监，他告诉我DHS的消息传递“非常不诚实”。弗洛雷斯说，该机构正在采用社交媒体“滥用同情心或过度使用严厉犯罪的图像”。
Read: We’re about to find out what mass deportations really look like
阅读：我们将找出批量驱逐出境的真实是
“They’re using every single tool that DHS has to expand the sheer number of removals without putting any thought into how people make their choices or the incentives and disincentives they’re creating,” Flores said. “All they’re doing with CBP Home is to push people further away from trusting the government.”
弗洛雷斯说：“他们正在使用DHS必须扩大巨大删除数量的每个工具，而无需对人们如何做出选择或他们正在创造的激励措施和抑制措施进行任何思考。”“他们在CBP家中所做的一切就是使人们远离信任政府。”
The DHS official I spoke with said the government has no immediate plans to increase the $1,000 exit bonus to entice more people to leave, but the payments could go higher. The average cost to arrest, detain, and deport someone is $17,121, according to the latest DHS figures, and the department said it will save 70 percent of that every time someone uses the app to leave the United States on their own. DHS says it uses a geolocation feature in CBP Home to confirm that someone is at least three miles outside the United States before they’re eligible to receive the payment.
我与DHS官员交谈说，政府没有立即计划增加1,000美元的退出奖金，以吸引更多的人离开，但付款可能会更高。根据最新的DHS数据，逮捕，拘留和驱逐的平均成本为17,121美元，该部门表示，每当有人使用该应用程序独自离开美国时，它将节省70％的费用。DHS表示，它在CBP Home中使用地理位置功能，以确认在有资格获得付款之前，有人在美国以外至少三英里。
Trump officials have another incentive to promote CBP Home: It allows them to count confirmed departures toward the president’s deportation goal of 1 million people a year. The latest ICE statistics show that the agency has carried out about 125,000 deportations since Trump took office. DHS will need many, many more people to register with the app to hit the president’s target.
特朗普官员还有另一个动力来推广CBP房屋：它使他们能够将确认的出发事件计入总统每年100万人的驱逐出境目标。最新的ICE统计数据显示，自特朗普上任以来，该机构已进行了约125,000次驱逐出境。DHS将需要更多的人在该应用程序中注册才能达到总统的目标。
