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英国企业组团来印度"淘金"！380亿英镑政府大单突然开放，从乡村公路到太阳能板统统能投标。不过印度老板们微微一笑：付款拖延排行榜我们全球第163名，合同执行难度堪比西天取经，英国绅士们准备好体验"印度速度"了吗？（友情提示：想来印度接政府订单？请先备好降压药和耐心充值卡）
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**UK firms chase £38bn India contracts but challenges loom**
**英国企业竞逐印度380亿英镑订单 但挑战重重**
1 day ago Share Save Nikhil Inamdar BBC News, Mumbai Share Save
1天前 分享 收藏 作者：BBC孟买记者Nikhil Inamdar 分享 收藏
**Getty Images UK firms bidding for Indian government contracts in specified areas will be treated on par with Indian suppliers**
**盖蒂图片社 英国企业在特定领域竞标印度政府合同时将享受本土供应商同等待遇**
A standout feature of the India-UK free trade agreement signed last month was the Narendra Modi government's decision to open India's vast government procurement market to UK suppliers.
上月签署的印英自贸协定最大亮点，是莫迪政府向英国供应商开放庞大的政府采购市场。
This typically includes a range of things the government buys - from goods and services to contracts for public works such as roads.
这涵盖政府购买的各类商品服务及公路等公共工程合同。
Some 40,000 high-value tenders worth £38bn from federal ministries will now be open to bidding for UK businesses in strategic sectors like transport, green energy and infrastructure - areas which have thus far been heavily protected from foreign competition.
价值380亿英镑的约4万项中央部委高价招标，将在交通、绿色能源等战略领域向英国企业开放——这些领域长期受保护免受外国竞争。
The access is unprecedented, trade experts say. It is"far greater" than what India had offered in its earlier agreement with the United Arab Emirates and"sets a new benchmark", Ajay Srivastava of the Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI), a Delhi-based think-tank, told the BBC.
贸易专家称此开放力度"远超"印度此前与阿联酋的协议，"树立了新标杆"。
Under the agreement, UK firms bidding for Indian government contracts in specified areas will be treated almost on par with Indian suppliers and also have real-time access to information on forthcoming public tenders and procurement opportunities.
根据协定，英国企业在特定领域竞标时将获本土企业待遇，并可实时获取招标信息。
Also, goods from the UK made with just 20% domestic input can now be supplied to the Indian government, allowing UK companies the flexibility to source up to 80% of the parts or raw material from other countries and still qualify for procurement preference in India.
英国产品只需含20%本国成分即可进入印度政府采购，其余80%可从第三方采购。
The minimum contract value at which these firms can bid for government projects has also been sharply reduced as a result of which"UK companies can now bid on a wide range of lower-value projects - such as rural roads, solar equipment for schools, or IT systems for government offices - that were previously out of reach", said Mr Srivastava.
投标门槛金额大幅降低，英国企业可竞标乡村道路等此前无法涉足的中小项目。
**Getty Images UK companies can now bid on a wide range of lower-value projects such as rural roads**
**盖蒂图片社 英国企业现可参与乡村道路等小额项目投标**
**'Easier said than done'**
**知易行难**
But for British companies, realising this opportunity on the ground will be easier said than done, several experts told the BBC.
但多位专家表示，英国企业落实这些机会将面临挑战。
While UK suppliers are eligible to participate as Class-II local suppliers, Indian companies will continue to get preferential treatment as Class-I suppliers, says Dr Arpita Mukherjee, a trade expert with the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.
虽然英国企业可作为二级本土供应商参与，但印度企业仍享一级供应商优先权。
Moreover, pricing plays a key role in winning contracts, and"UK companies tend to have higher prices" compared with Indian companies, which will be a major challenge for them, she adds.
英国企业价格竞争力不足将是主要障碍。
A more significant deterrent will be delayed payments and difficult contract enforcement, which are"major legacy issues when it comes to public procurement in India", says Srijan Shukla of the Observer Research Foundation think-tank.
付款拖延和合同执行困难等"历史遗留问题"更令人却步。
He says a study on procurement by India's central public sector enterprises from 2017 to 2020 found that pending payments to suppliers were often more than the total average procurement in a year.
2017-2020年研究显示，印度国企拖欠供应商款项常超年均采购总额。
"This will impact UK players trying to enter India's public procurement markets, especially when it comes to public contracts that have long-time horizons and are subject to regulatory and political uncertainties," Mr Shukla told the BBC.
长期项目受法规政策不确定性影响更大，将冲击英国企业。
Pending dues have been a major irritant for India's small businesses too, leading to short-term liquidity issues that often"force them out of these procurement markets and reallocate that business to the big players", according to Mr Shukla.
账款拖欠同样困扰印度中小企业，常迫使其退出政府采购市场。
Much of this is reflected in India's poor ranking - 163 out of 190 - on contract enforcement in the World Bank's Doing Business report, the latest round of which was in 2020.
印度在世行《营商环境报告》合同执行排名中位列163/190。
While things have improved since these rankings were published - with one-stop-shop portals like Government e-Marketplace, the Central Public Procurement Portal or the recently launched online dispute resolution portal bringing more transparency to the public tendering process - payment discipline by government entities continues to remain a challenge, says Mr Shukla.
尽管电子招标平台提升透明度，但政府部门付款纪律仍是挑战。
According to Ms Mukherjee, the India-UK trade agreement emphasises transparency in procurement but omits issues like pending dues, contract enforcement and penalties.
自贸协定强调透明度却未涉及账款拖欠等核心问题。
She adds the deal excludes the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement's dispute settlement provisions for four years after the CETA takes effect - these provisions usually define how disputes are resolved.
协定还排除争端解决机制条款四年。
"Doing business in India is an acquired skill. Over time, companies from the UK will have to learn the way to work around complexities regarding the art of winning public tenders and navigating though complex regulations," Mr Shukla says.
在印度经商是门技术活，英国企业需学习应对复杂招标流程。
**Getty Images India's public procurement market has long been reserved for local small and medium enterprises**
**盖蒂图片社 印度政府采购市场长期为本土中小企业保留**
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