【新闻趣读】
特朗普送美国的"独立日大礼包"来了！这份870页的法案集减税、扩军、移民严打于一身，最绝的是连小费收入都要免税——服务生们可以理直气壮地说"这是总统让我收的"！不过民主党人可不买账，痛批这是"劫贫济富"，毕竟60%的减税优惠都流向了年收入21.7万美元以上的富人。最搞笑的是，为了通过法案，副总统万斯不得不亲自投下决胜票，而反对派议员硬是靠连续演讲9小时来拖延投票。看来这份"生日礼物"，美国人民得用未来几十年的国债来"分期付款"了！
Trump signs sweeping tax and spending bill into law
特朗普签署全面税收与支出法案
4 July 2025 Share Save Bernd Debusmann Jr BBC News, at the White House Share Save
2025年7月4日 BBC记者小伯恩德·德布斯曼发自白宫
Anthony Zurcher: Passage of megabill is big win for Trump
安东尼·祖彻：巨型法案通过是特朗普的重大胜利
US President Donald Trump has signed his landmark policy bill into law, a day after it was narrowly passed by Congress.
美国总统特朗普签署了具有里程碑意义的政策法案，此前一天该法案在国会以微弱优势获得通过。
The signing event at the White House on Friday afternoon enacts key parts of the Trump agenda including tax cuts, spending boosts for defence and the immigration crackdown.
周五下午在白宫举行的签署仪式启动了特朗普议程的关键部分，包括减税、增加国防开支和严厉打击移民。
There was a celebratory atmosphere at the White House as Trump signed the bill ahead of Independence Day fireworks and a military picnic attended by the pilots who recently flew into Iran to strike three nuclear sites.
白宫洋溢着庆祝的气氛，特朗普在独立日烟花表演和军事野餐前签署了该法案，参加野餐的飞行员最近飞往伊朗打击了三处核设施。
Trump told supporters it will unleash economic growth, but he must now convince sceptical Americans as polling suggests many disapprove of parts of the bill.
特朗普告诉支持者，这将释放经济增长，但他现在必须说服持怀疑态度的美国人，因为民意调查显示许多人不赞成该法案的部分内容。
Several members of his own Republican party were opposed because of the impact on rising US debt and Democrats warned the bill would reward the wealthy and punish the poor.
由于对美国不断上升的债务的影响，他自己的共和党的几名成员表示反对，民主党人警告说，该法案将奖励富人，惩罚穷人。
The 870-page package includes: extending 2017 tax cuts of Trump's first term
这项长达870页的一揽子计划包括：延长特朗普第一个任期内2017年的减税政策
steep cuts to Medicaid spending, the state-provided healthcare scheme for those on low incomes and the disabled
大幅削减医疗补助支出，这是为低收入者和残疾人提供的国家医疗保健计划
new tax breaks on tipped income, overtime and Social Security
对小费收入、加班费和社会保险的新税收减免
a budget increase of $150bn for defence
国防预算增加1500亿美元
a reduction in Biden-era clean energy tax credits
减少拜登时代的清洁能源税收抵免
$100bn to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
向移民和海关执法局(ICE)拨款1000亿美元
Moments before the bill signing, there was a fly-by of a pair B-2 bombers - the same kind of aircraft that participated in the Iran operation - flanked by highly advanced F-35 and F-22 fighter aircraft.
就在法案签署前，两架B-2轰炸机——与参与伊朗行动的飞机相同——在高度先进的F-35和F-22战斗机的护航下飞过。
In a speech from the White House balcony facing the South Lawn, Trump thanked Republican lawmakers who helped usher the bill to his desk.
在白宫阳台面向南草坪的演讲中，特朗普感谢了帮助推动该法案通过的共和党议员。
He touted the tax cuts in the bill, brushing aside criticism of the impact to social programmes such as food assistance and Medicaid.
他吹捧了法案中的减税政策，无视对食品援助和医疗补助等社会项目影响的批评。
"The largest spending cut, and yet, you won't even notice it," he said of the bill."The people are happy."
"这是最大的支出削减，但你甚至不会注意到，"他在谈到该法案时说。"人民很高兴。"
Additionally, Trump praised additional resources being given to border and immigration enforcement and an end to taxes on tips, overtime and social security for senior citizens, which he says the bill will fulfil.
此外，特朗普赞扬了为边境和移民执法提供的额外资源，以及终止对小费、加班费和老年人社会保障的征税，他说该法案将实现这些目标。
The celebratory mood follows days of tense negotiations with Republican rebels in Congress and days of cajoling on Capitol Hill, sometimes by the president himself.
庆祝的气氛是在与国会共和党反叛者进行了数天的紧张谈判和在国会山进行了数天的哄骗之后出现的，有时是总统亲自出马。
House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries delayed the final vote in the lower chamber of Congress on Thursday by speaking for nearly nine hours.
众议院少数党领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯周四在国会下议院发表了近9个小时的演讲，拖延了最终投票。
He called the bill an"extraordinary assault on the healthcare of the American people" and quoted testimony from individuals anxious about its impact.
他称该法案是"对美国人民医疗保健的非凡攻击"，并引用了对其影响感到焦虑的人们的证词。
But his marathon speech only postponed the inevitable. As soon as he sat down, the House moved to a vote.
但他的马拉松演讲只是推迟了不可避免的事情。他一坐下，众议院就进行了投票。
Getty Images Republican lawmakers celebrated after narrowly passing Trump's sweeping budget bill before a self-imposed deadline of 4 July
盖蒂图片社：共和党议员在7月4日自行设定的最后期限前以微弱优势通过了特朗普的全面预算法案后庆祝
Only two Republicans went against, joining all 212 Democrats united in opposition. The bill passed by 218 votes to 214.
只有两名共和党人反对，与所有212名民主党人联合反对。该法案以218票对214票获得通过。
Earlier this week, the Senate passed the bill but US Vice-President JD Vance was required to cast a tiebreaking vote after three Republicans held out.
本周早些时候，参议院通过了该法案，但美国副总统JD·万斯在三名共和党人坚持反对后不得不投下打破平局的一票。
Major win now but political peril awaits
现在取得重大胜利，但政治风险正在等待
Fact-checking three key claims about the bill
关于该法案的三个关键说法的真相核查
Hours after the House passed the bill, the president was in a triumphant mood as he took to the stage in Iowa to kick off a years long celebration of 250 years since American independence.
众议院通过该法案几小时后，总统怀着胜利的心情登上爱荷华州的舞台，开启了为期一年的美国独立250周年庆祝活动。
"There could be no better birthday present for America than the phenomenal victory we achieved just hours ago," he told supporters in Des Moines.
"对美国来说，没有什么比我们几小时前取得的惊人胜利更好的生日礼物了，"他在得梅因告诉支持者。
The White House believes the various tax cuts will help stimulate economic growth, but many experts fear that will not be sufficient to prevent the budget deficit - the difference between spending and tax revenue in any year - from ballooning, adding to the national debt.
白宫认为各种减税措施将有助于刺激经济增长，但许多专家担心这不足以防止预算赤字——任何一年的支出与税收收入之间的差额——膨胀，增加国家债务。
Analysis by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) suggests the tax cuts could produce a surplus in the first year but will then cause the deficit to rise sharply.
国会预算办公室(CBO)的分析表明，减税可能在第一年产生盈余，但随后将导致赤字急剧上升。
According to the Tax Policy Center, the tax changes in the bill would benefit wealthier Americans more than those on lower incomes, About 60% of the benefits would go to those making above $217,000 (£158,000), its analysis found.
根据税收政策中心的分析，该法案中的税收变化将使富裕的美国人比低收入者受益更多。约60%的福利将流向收入超过21.7万美元(15.8万英镑)的人。
The BBC spoke to Americans who may see a cut in the subsidies that help them pay for groceries.
BBC采访了一些美国人，他们可能会看到帮助他们支付食品杂货的补贴被削减。
Jordan, a father of two, is one of 42 million Americans who benefits from the SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) scheme targeted by the bill.
乔丹是两个孩子的父亲，他是4200万受益于SNAP(补充营养援助计划)的美国人之一，该计划是该法案的目标。
Americans brace for Trump's welfare cuts
美国人为特朗普的福利削减做准备
What is in the bill?
法案中有什么？
He and his wife get about $700 a month to feed their family of four and the 26-year-old said if this bill reduces what he can claim he would get a second job.
他和妻子每月得到约700美元来养活四口之家，这位26岁的年轻人说，如果该法案减少了他可以申请的金额，他将找第二份工作。
"I'm going to make sure that I can do whatever I can to feed my family," he says.
"我要确保我能尽我所能养活我的家人，"他说。
Watch: what will Trump’s tax and spending bill do to the US national debt?
观看：特朗普的税收和支出法案将对美国国债产生什么影响？
