【新闻趣读】
乌克兰防空兵上演现实版《土拨鼠之日》！在苏梅州边境，士兵们每晚用一战时期的老式机枪，对抗俄罗斯的"自杀式无人机"。指挥官"猎人"吐槽："每天都是同样的剧本，就像活在循环电影里"。最惨的是37岁的玛格丽塔，她乘坐的公交车被无人机击中，母亲、姐姐和叔叔当场身亡，而她从残骸中爬出时，右臂已经粉碎——"我睁眼发现公交车不见了，姐姐的头颅就在旁边"。看来这场战争不仅打掉了乌克兰的和平，还打碎了无数家庭的团圆梦。
'It's Groundhog Day': Ukraine's sky defenders stuck in relentless battle
"土拨鼠日循环"：乌克兰防空部队陷入无休止战斗
4 July 2025 Share Save Orla Guerin Senior international correspondent in Sumy, Ukraine Share Save
2025年7月4日 BBC资深国际记者奥拉·格林发自乌克兰苏梅州
Watch: Ukrainian soldiers aim to shoot down Russian drones in Sumy
视频：乌克兰士兵在苏梅州试图击落俄罗斯无人机
As the evening light ebbed away a handful of Ukrainian troops emerged from the treeline to face an unequal fight.
暮色渐沉时，一小队乌克兰士兵从树林中现身，迎接一场实力悬殊的战斗。
Their mission – to shoot down 21st Century killer drones with weapons designed in the dying days of World War One.
他们的任务是用一战末期设计的武器击落21世纪的杀人无人机。
In Ukraine's north-eastern region of Sumy, bordering Russia, this is a nightly battle.
在与俄罗斯接壤的乌克兰东北部苏梅州，这是每晚都要上演的战斗。
Just after we joined the troops, there was danger in the skies, and tension and adrenaline on the ground.
我们刚加入部队不久，空中就出现威胁，地面弥漫着紧张与肾上腺素飙升的气氛。
The commander – codenamed Jaeger – was glued to a screen showing clusters of red dots, each indicating an Iranian-designed Shahed drone, one of Russia's key weapons.
代号"猎人"的指挥官紧盯着屏幕上的红色光点群，每个光点都代表一架伊朗设计的"沙希德"无人机——俄罗斯的关键武器之一。
By early evening, there were already 30 in the skies over Sumy, and the neighbouring region of Chernihiv.
傍晚时分，苏梅州和邻近的切尔尼戈夫州上空已有30架无人机。
Two flatbed trucks were driven out into a clearing – on the back of each a heavy machine gun and a gunner, scanning the skies.
两辆平板卡车驶入空地，每辆车后部都架着重机枪，枪手扫视着天空。
The trucks were flanked by troops, light machine guns at the ready.
卡车两侧是手持轻机枪随时待命的士兵。
We could hear the whirring of the propellers before we could see the drone - barely visible as it sliced through the sky.
我们先是听到螺旋桨的嗡鸣，随后才看到几乎隐没在夜空中的无人机。
The troops opened fire - all guns blazing in unison – but the drone disappeared into the distance.
士兵们同时开火，但无人机还是消失在远方。
These low-cost long-range weapons are terrorising Ukraine.
这些低成本远程武器正在恐吓整个乌克兰。
As often in war, there were flashes of humour.
如同所有战争一样，这里也有幽默闪现。
"You'll know when the next drone is coming, when that short guy gets nervous," said Jaeger, pointing at one of his team.
"当那个矮个子开始紧张时，你就知道下一架无人机要来了，"猎人指着一名队员说。
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC Tracer fire streaks across the sky as Ukrainian troops hunt Russian drones
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC：乌克兰士兵追击俄罗斯无人机时，曳光弹划过夜空
As darkness closed in, the drones kept coming and the troops kept trying – sending tracer fire streaking across the sky.
夜幕降临后，无人机持续来袭，士兵们不断尝试用曳光弹照亮天空。
But how do they feel when these suicide drones get through?
但当这些自杀式无人机突破防线时，他们作何感受？
"Well, it's not very good,"Jaeger says sombrely, glancing away.
"嗯，感觉不太好，"猎人移开视线，阴沉地说。
"You feel a slight sadness but to be honest - as you have seen - you don't have time for emotions. One comes in and another can come right behind it. You work in this rhythm. If it's taken down - good, if not, you know there are other teams behind you who will also engage it."
"你会感到一丝悲伤，但说实话——正如你看到的——根本没时间伤感。一架刚走另一架又来。我们按这个节奏工作。击落了很好，没击落也知道后面还有其他小队会拦截。"
He and his men are a"mobile fire unit" from Ukraine's 117 Territorial Defence Brigade – all locals trying to defend not just their hometown but their country.
他和部下是乌克兰第117国土防卫旅的"机动火力小组"，都是本地人，保卫的不仅是家乡更是整个国家。
Most Russian drones fly through this region and deeper into Ukraine.
多数俄罗斯无人机都经此区域深入乌克兰腹地。
"They come in massive waves, often flying at different altitudes," says Jaeger.
"它们成群结队而来，经常在不同高度飞行，"猎人说。
"When there is heavy cloud cover, they fly above the clouds, and we can't see them. And it's very hard to detect them when it's raining."
"云层厚时它们在云上飞，我们看不见。下雨时也很难探测。"
A hundred Shahed drones a night is standard for Sumy.
苏梅州每晚要应对上百架"沙希德"无人机，已成常态。
His unit includes a farmer ("now I do something else in the fields," he jokes) and a builder.
他的小队里有农民（"现在我在地里干点别的，"他开玩笑说）和建筑工人。
Jaeger himself is a former forest ranger, and mixed martial arts fighter.
猎人本人曾是森林巡护员和综合格斗选手。
Now he fights an enemy he can barely see.
如今他在对抗几乎看不见的敌人。
"It's the same thing every single day, over and over again," he says."For us, it's just like Groundhog Day."
"每天都是同样的事情，一遍又一遍，"他说。"对我们来说就像《土拨鼠之日》。"
"The worst thing is that years are passing by," adds Kurban, the builder,"and we have no idea how long all this is going to last".
"最糟的是年复一年过去，"建筑工库尔班补充道，"我们不知道这一切还要持续多久"。
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC Jaeger leads a unit of locals trying to defend Sumy and other parts of Ukraine from Russian drones
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC：猎人带领由当地人组成的小队，保卫苏梅州和乌克兰其他地区免受俄罗斯无人机侵袭
Many of the drones in the skies over Sumy that night were headed for the capital, Kyiv.
当晚苏梅州上空的许多无人机都飞往首都基辅。
Jaeger and his men knew it. So did we. The knowledge was chilling.
猎人和他的队员知道这点。我们也知道。这种认知令人不寒而栗。
An air raid alert warned the residents of Kyiv of incoming drones.
空袭警报提醒基辅居民无人机来袭。
Russia aimed more than 300 at the capital overnight, according to the Ukrainian air force, trying to overwhelm its air defences.
乌克兰空军称，俄罗斯一夜之间向首都发射了300多架无人机，试图压垮防空系统。
By morning six locations had been hit, and the victims were being reclaimed from the rubble.
到早晨已有六处地点被击中，人们正从废墟中寻找遇难者。
In the days that followed the death toll climbed to 30.
随后几天死亡人数升至30人。
In Ukraine's fourth summer of full-scale war the fields around Sumy are dotted with corn and sunflowers, not yet in bloom, and a crop of dragon's teeth - triangles of concrete which can stop tanks in their tracks.
在乌克兰全面战争的第四个夏天，苏梅州周围的田野点缀着尚未开花的玉米和向日葵，还有"龙牙"——能阻挡坦克前进的混凝土三角锥。
The picture was very different last autumn.
去年秋天的景象截然不同。
Ukrainian troops had turned the tables with a cross-border attack on Russia, capturing territory in the neighbouring region of Kursk.
乌克兰军队通过对俄罗斯的跨境攻击扭转局势，占领了邻近的库尔斯克地区领土。
By March of this year, most were forced out, although Ukraine's military chief said recently it still holds some territory there.
到今年三月，大部分部队被迫撤出，尽管乌克兰军方领导人最近表示仍控制着部分领土。
By May, President Zelensky warned that 50,000 Russian troops were massed"in the direction of Sumy".
五月，泽连斯基总统警告称，5万名俄罗斯军队正在"向苏梅方向"集结。
By June, more than 200 villages and settlements in Sumy had been evacuated, as the Kremlin's men slowly shelled their way forward.
到六月，随着克里姆林宫的军队慢慢炮火推进，苏梅州已有200多个村庄和定居点被疏散。
President Putin wants"a buffer zone" along the border, and is talking up the threat to the city of Sumy.
普京总统想要沿边境建立"缓冲区"，并夸大对苏梅市的威胁。
"The city…is next, the regional centre," he said recently."We don't have a task to take Sumy, but I don't rule it out." He claims his forces are already up to 12 kilometres (7.5 miles) inside the region.
"接下来就是苏梅市，这个地区的中心，"他最近说。"我们没有占领苏梅的任务，但我不排除这种可能。"他声称他的部队已深入该地区12公里（7.5英里）。
Warning: The following section contains distressing details
警告：以下部分包含令人不安的细节
The head of Ukraine's army, Gen Oleksandr Syrskyi, claims his troops have halted the Russian advance, but the war has already closed in on Margaryta Husakova, 37, menacing her village.
乌克兰军队总司令亚历山大·瑟尔斯基将军称他的部队已阻止俄军推进，但战争已经逼近37岁的玛格丽塔·胡萨科娃，威胁着她的村庄。
She warned her sister not to come because there were explosions.
她警告妹妹不要来，因为这里有爆炸。
"She came anyway," Margaryta says,"and everything was fine for a month, quiet and peaceful, until we got on that bus".
"她还是来了，"玛格丽塔说，"一个月来一切都很好，安静平和，直到我们上了那辆公交车"。
On the morning of 17 May, the sisters set out with other relatives for a trip to the city.
5月17日早晨，姐妹俩和其他亲戚启程前往城市。
"I remember how we came, got on the bus, how we laughed, were happy," says Margaryta."Then we started to leave, and it happened."
"我记得我们怎么来，怎么上车，怎么笑，怎么开心，"玛格丽塔说。"然后我们出发，事情就发生了。"
The bus was ripped apart by a Russian drone, in an attack that killed nine people – all civilians - including her mother, her uncle and her sister.
公交车被俄罗斯无人机撕碎，这次袭击造成9人死亡——全是平民——包括她的母亲、叔叔和姐姐。
Margaryta was pulled from the wreckage with a shattered right arm – now held together by steel rods.
玛格丽塔从残骸中被救出时右臂粉碎——现在用钢棒固定。
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC Margaryta lost her mother, sister and uncle in a drone strike on her bus. She survived with a shattered arm
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC：玛格丽塔在公交车遭无人机袭击时失去了母亲、姐姐和叔叔。她幸存下来，但手臂粉碎
She is tormented by what she lost, and what she saw.
她为失去的一切和目睹的景象所折磨。
Her description is graphic.
她的描述很生动。
"I opened my eyes, and there was no bus," she said, her voice beginning to break."I looked around and my sister's head was torn off. My mum too, she was lying there, hit in the temple. My uncle had fallen out of the bus, his brain was exposed."
"我睁开眼睛，公交车不见了，"她说，声音开始颤抖。"我环顾四周，姐姐的头被炸飞了。妈妈也是，她躺在那里，太阳穴被击中。叔叔从公交车里摔出来，脑组织外露。"
We met at a sand-bagged reception centre for evacuees in Sumy.
我们在苏梅州一个沙袋加固的避难者接待中心见面。
Margaryta sat outside on a wooden bench, seeking comfort from a cigarette.
玛格丽塔坐在外面的木凳上，从香烟中寻求安慰。
She told me she was planning to leave for the home of another relative, but feared her eight children might not be safe there either.
她告诉我她计划去另一个亲戚家，但担心她的八个孩子在那里也不安全。
"Maybe we will have to run away even further," she said, adding:"It's scary everywhere."
"也许我们不得不逃得更远，"她说，并补充："到处都可怕。"
"I'm terrified, not for myself but for the children. I must save them. That's what matters."
"我害怕，不是为我自己，而是为孩子们。我必须救他们。这才是重要的。"
As we spoke an air raid siren wailed overhead – the sound so familiar that Margaryta did not respond. Neither did anyone else around us.
我们说话时，空袭警报在头顶哀号——声音如此熟悉，玛格丽塔没有反应。我们周围的其他人也没有。
"We only run for explosions now," a Ukrainian journalist explained"and only if they are loud and close".
"我们现在只为爆炸跑，"一位乌克兰记者解释，"而且只有当爆炸声大且近时"。
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC Soldiers, such as"Student", have seen relationships break down due to the strain of years of war
MOOSE CAMPBELL/BBC：像"学生"这样的士兵，因多年战争的压力而目睹关系破裂
There's little talk in Sumy of a ceasefire, let alone an end to Europe's largest war since 1945.
在苏梅州很少有人谈论停火，更不用说结束自1945年以来欧洲最大的战争了。
US President Donald Trump no longer claims he can deliver peace in Ukraine in a day.
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普不再声称他能一天内给乌克兰带来和平。
He's become embroiled in a newer war, bombing Iranian nuclear sites.
他卷入了一场更新的战争，轰炸伊朗核设施。
Talks between Russia and Ukraine have delivered only prisoner exchanges, and the return of bodies.
俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的谈判只带来了战俘交换和遗体归还。
President Putin appears emboldened and has been upping his demands.
普京总统似乎更加大胆，一直在提高要求。
With the Summer sun still overhead, those trying to save Ukraine expect more Winters of war.
夏日的阳光仍在头顶，那些试图拯救乌克兰的人预计会有更多战争的冬天。
We followed a bumpy track deep into a forest to meet troops fresh from the front lines.
我们沿着崎岖的小路深入森林，会见刚从前线下来的部队。
They were getting a refresher course in weapons skills at a remote training ground.
他们在一个偏远的训练场接受武器技能复习课程。
A battle-hardened 35-year-old with a shaved head and full beard was among the group - call sign"student".
队伍中有一个饱经战火的35岁男子，剃着光头，留着浓密的胡子——呼号"学生"。
"I think the war won't end in the next year or two," he told me."And even if it does end in six months with some kind of ceasefire, it will start again in four or five years. President Putin has imperialist ambitions."
"我认为战争不会在未来一两年内结束，"他告诉我。"即使六个月内以某种停火结束，四五年后也会重新开始。普京总统有帝国主义野心。"
War inflicts wounds – seen and unseen.
战争造成伤害——看得见的和看不见的。
"Student" sent his family abroad for safety soon after Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022 and has been unable to see his two daughters since then.
"学生"在2022年2月俄罗斯全面入侵后不久将家人送到国外安全地带，此后一直无法见到两个女儿。
He and his wife are now divorced.
他和妻子现在已经离婚。
Other soldiers we met also spoke of broken relationships and marriages that have buckled under the strain.
我们遇到的其他士兵也谈到了在压力下破裂的关系和婚姻。
Student sums up war as"blood, dirt and sweat" and does not try to conceal the cost.
学生将战争总结为"鲜血、泥土和汗水"，并不试图掩饰代价。
"We joined our battalion, as a platoon of 30 neighbours," he told me."Today, only four of us remain alive."
"我们加入营队时，是一个由30名邻居组成的排，"他告诉我。"今天，只有我们四个人还活着。"
