【新闻摘要】
乌克兰上演"反腐变防反"大戏：总统泽连斯基一纸法令将两大反腐机构收归总统亲信麾下，基辅街头立即涌现"1984式"抗议标语——"12414号法律听着像1984"、"议会养了一群寄生虫"。最讽刺的是，这两个被指控"受俄罗斯影响"的反腐机构，正是十年前欧盟为乌克兰"量身定制"的入盟门槛，如今却要被"去俄罗斯化"。抗议者举着"腐败活着，未来就死了"的牌子，而德国法国忙着给泽连斯基"补课"：尊重法治是入欧核心要素，这事没得商量！前线老兵也加入游行队伍："我打仗是为了民主，不是为了让政府搞独裁"。看来在对抗俄罗斯的同时，乌克兰人还得提防自家政府的"反腐变防反"神操作。
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**Backlash grows after Zelensky strips anti-corruption bodies of independence**
泽连斯基剥夺反腐机构独立性引发强烈反弹
**6 hours ago Share Save Laura Gozzi BBC News Charlotte Gallagher In Kyiv Share Save**
6小时前 分享 保存 BBC记者劳拉·戈齐 基辅现场记者夏洛特·加拉格尔 分享 保存
**BBC"Corruption loves silence! Don't be silent" - Thousands gathered in Kyiv to protest on Wednesday**
BBC"腐败最爱沉默！不要沉默"——周三数千人在基辅集会抗议
Ukraine's government is facing growing backlash after President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a law limiting the independence of two anti-corruption agencies. The contentious bill grants control of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau (Nabu) and Specialised Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office (Sap) to the prosecutor general, who is appointed by the president. Thousands demonstrated in Kyiv for a second night on Wednesday, many brandishing signs criticising the government. As protestors gathered, Zelensky acknowledged public anger and said he would submit a new bill to parliament in response to the criticism, although he offered no further details about what it would contain.
乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基签署限制两大反腐机构独立性的法律后，政府面临日益强烈的反弹。这项争议法案将国家反腐局（Nabu）和特别反腐检察官办公室（Sap）的控制权交给由总统任命的检察长。周三晚间数千人在基辅连续第二晚示威，许多人挥舞着批评政府的标语。在抗议者聚集时，泽连斯基承认公众愤怒，并表示将向议会提交新法案回应批评，但未透露具体内容。
Kyiv's Western allies expressed their displeasure at the law. A spokesman for European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen said she had requested"explanations" from the Ukrainian government. Zelensky argued provisions needed to be taken as Nabu and Sap were letting criminal proceedings stagnate for years and insisted they had to be"cleansed from Russian influence". He signed the bill into law late on Tuesday after it received the backing of 263 MPs out of 324. Many Ukrainians outside parliament – the Rada - disagree with the decision. Critics say the law will severely undermine the Nabu and Sap's authority and effectiveness.
基辅的西方盟友对该法表示不满。欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩的发言人表示她已要求乌克兰政府"解释"。泽连斯基辩称有必要采取措施，因为Nabu和Sap让刑事诉讼停滞多年，并坚称必须"清除俄罗斯影响"。周二晚些时候，在324名议员中263人支持下，他将该法案签署成法。许多议会外的乌克兰人不同意这一决定。批评者称该法将严重损害Nabu和Sap的权威和效力。
Thousands gathered outside the president's office in Kyiv to protest on Tuesday, with smaller rallies also taking place in Odesa, Dnipro, Lviv and Sumy - despite the continued threat from nightly Russian aerial attacks. On Wednesday evening thousands filled one of Kyiv's main squares, among them young army veterans. There was singing and chanting, with many of the young protesters holding signs denouncing the bill. Several waved placards that read"shame","12414 [the new law] sounds like 1984", and"Parliament is full of parasites". The activists see the move as a return to the corruption of a decade ago when Ukraine was ruled by pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych. The gatherings constitute the largest anti-government demonstrations since Moscow launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
周二数千人聚集在基辅总统府外抗议，尽管面临俄罗斯夜间空袭的持续威胁，敖德萨、第聂伯、利沃夫和苏梅也举行了较小规模集会。周三晚间数千人挤满基辅一个主要广场，其中包括年轻退伍军人。现场有歌声和口号声，许多年轻抗议者举着谴责该法案的标语。一些人挥舞着写着"耻辱"、"12414[新法律]听着像1984"和"议会满是寄生虫"的标语牌。活动人士认为此举是回到十年前乌克兰由亲俄总统维克托·亚努科维奇统治时的腐败状态。这是自2022年莫斯科全面入侵乌克兰以来最大规模的反政府示威。
The fight against corruption is seen as closely tied to Kyiv's prospects for integration within the EU – a path that started in 2014, when anti-government protests ousted Yanukovych in favour of closer ties with the West. The creation of Nabu and Sap was one of the requirements set by the European Commission and International Monetary Fund more than a decade ago in order to move towards a relaxation of visa restrictions between Ukraine and the EU. In 2022, Kyiv was granted the coveted status of EU candidate – a significant development that boosted spirits and strengthened ties between Ukraine and its European backers. Now, there is concern Zelensky's move may undermine Kyiv's growing proximity to the West – a cause for which many Ukrainians feel their country continues to pay the price of the Russian onslaught."Corruption lives – the future dies," one placard at the Kyiv protest read.
反腐败斗争被视为与基辅融入欧盟的前景密切相关——这一进程始于2014年，当时反政府抗议活动推翻亚努科维奇，支持与西方建立更紧密联系。Nabu和Sap的成立是欧盟委员会和国际货币基金组织十多年前为放宽乌克兰与欧盟之间签证限制而设定的要求之一。2022年，基辅获得了梦寐以求的欧盟候选国地位——这一重大进展提振了士气，加强了乌克兰与其欧洲支持者之间的联系。现在有人担心泽连斯基的举动可能会破坏基辅与西方日益密切的关系——许多乌克兰人认为他们的国家仍在为这一事业付出俄罗斯进攻的代价。"腐败活着——未来就死了，"基辅抗议活动中的一个标语牌写道。
Von der Leyen's spokesman reiterated that respect for the rule of law and the fight against corruption were"core elements" of EU membership - and that as a candidate country, Ukraine was expected to uphold those standards."There cannot be a compromise," he added.
冯德莱恩的发言人重申，尊重法治和打击腐败是欧盟成员资格的"核心要素"——作为候选国，乌克兰应坚持这些标准。"不能妥协，"他补充道。
**Getty Images Ukrainians turned out in big numbers - with placards calling on Zelensky to"veto" the bill**
Getty Images 大批乌克兰人走上街头——举着要求泽连斯基"否决"该法案的标语牌
Corruption in Ukraine is endemic and the country currently ranks 105 out of 180 in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index. The rating may be low - but it nonetheless marks an improvement of 39 points since Nabu and Sap were created in 2014. Since then the two bodies have been involved in far-reaching investigations into the misappropriation of millions of dollars' worth of assets and bribes across various ministries and sectors. In 2023 a joint investigation resulted in the arrest of the head of Ukraine's Supreme Court, Vsevolod Kniaziev, in connection with a $3m (£2.4m; €2.9m) bribe. Earlier this month, it also emerged Nabu was conducting searches at the residence of former defence minister Oleksii Reznikov. Now Nabu and Sap will have to operate under presidential oversight, leading some to wonder whether high-profile figures close to the government will eschew scrutiny. By curtailing the bodies' independence the government had"destroyed everything that has been worked on for years," one protester in Kyiv told Radio Liberty.
腐败在乌克兰普遍存在，该国目前在透明国际腐败感知指数中排名第105位（共180个国家）。这一排名可能很低——但自2014年Nabu和Sap成立以来，这标志着提高了39分。从那时起，这两个机构参与了针对多个部门和行业价值数百万美元的资产挪用和贿赂的深远调查。2023年，一项联合调查导致乌克兰最高法院院长弗谢沃洛德·克尼亚齐耶夫因涉嫌300万美元贿赂被捕。本月早些时候，Nabu还对前国防部长奥列克西·列兹尼科夫的住所进行了搜查。现在Nabu和Sap将必须在总统监督下运作，这让一些人怀疑与政府关系密切的知名人士是否会逃避审查。一名基辅抗议者告诉自由电台，政府通过限制这些机构的独立性"摧毁了多年来的努力成果"。
Despite a nationwide ban on mass gatherings under martial law, more protests were expected in an even greater number of cities across Ukraine on Wednesday evening. The"scandalous" new law"dealt a critical blow to Ukraine's European integration process," the Ukrainska Pravda website said, while another outlet, Dzerkalo Tyzhnia, warned that Zelensky had taken a"step towards authoritarianism". Prominent war veteran Masi Nayem told his 54,000 Facebook followers that he had joined the protests in Kyiv as a"duty" to the victims of Russia's war."I fought for the nation, for the people and the democratic system," he added. European allies have also sounded alarm bells. The legislation"hampered Ukraine's way towards the EU," said Germany's foreign minister Johann Wadephul, and France's European affairs minister Benjamin Haddad urged Kyiv to reverse its decision. In a joint statement on Wednesday the Nabu and Sap said they had been deprived of the guarantees that allowed them to combat corruption effectively. They also thanked Ukrainians for their"principled position, active support and concern".
尽管根据戒严法全国禁止大规模集会，但预计周三晚间乌克兰更多城市将发生抗议活动。乌克兰真理报网站称这项"可耻的"新法律"对乌克兰的欧洲一体化进程造成了严重打击"，而另一家媒体Dzerkalo Tyzhnia警告称泽连斯基迈出了"走向威权主义的一步"。著名退伍军人马西·纳耶姆告诉他的54,000名Facebook粉丝，他加入基辅的抗议活动是对俄罗斯战争受害者的"责任"。"我为国家、为人民、为民主制度而战，"他补充道。欧洲盟友也敲响了警钟。德国外交部长约翰·瓦德普尔表示，该立法"阻碍了乌克兰通往欧盟的道路"，法国欧洲事务部长本杰明·哈达德敦促基辅撤销其决定。Nabu和Sap在周三的一份联合声明中表示，他们被剥夺了有效打击腐败的保障。他们还感谢乌克兰人的"原则立场、积极支持和关注"。
Wednesday saw the beginning of the third round of talks between Russia and Ukraine in Istanbul. But the attention of many Ukrainians was firmly on the new bill – and not just because there was little concrete hope of progress in either Moscow or Kyiv."This is government lawlessness," a Lviv resident called Liza told Radio Liberty."We don't want to have to fight both Russia and our own government."
周三，俄罗斯和乌克兰在伊斯坦布尔开始了第三轮会谈。但许多乌克兰人的注意力牢牢集中在新法案上——不仅仅是因为在莫斯科或基辅取得具体进展的希望渺茫。"这是政府的无法无天，"利沃夫居民丽莎告诉自由电台。"我们不想既要与俄罗斯作战，又要与我们自己的政府作战。"
