【新闻摘要】
特朗普的"关税大棒"这次砸出了个"史上最大贸易协议"？美日新协议让丰田本田们乐开花——对美汽车关税从27.5%直降到15%，气得美国车企直跺脚："凭啥加拿大工厂还要交25%？"。更魔幻的是，日本居然答应砸5500亿美元在美建厂，还要狂买美国大米，不知道日本农民会不会举着饭团抗议。韩国和台湾地区现在慌得一比，赶紧派代表团赴美"抄作业"。不过柬埔寨老挝这些小透明就惨了，既没筹码又没市场，只能眼睁睁看着8月1日关税大限逼近。最搞笑的是特朗普吹嘘"解决了日本大米短缺"，日本网友吐槽："我们缺的是钱不是米啊！"
---
**What the US-Japan trade deal means for global commerce**
美日贸易协议对全球商业的影响
**14 hours ago Share Save Suranjana Tewari Asia Business Correspondent Share Save**
14小时前 分享 保存 BBC亚洲商业记者苏兰贾娜·特瓦里 分享 保存
**Getty Images**
Getty Images
US President Donald Trump has called the agreement he reached with Japan the"largest trade deal in history". It might be premature to make such claims, but it's certainly the most significant deal since Trump announced his so-called Liberation Day tariffs in April which roiled stock markets and created chaos for global trade. After months of negotiations, Japan's Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said he expects the deal will help the global economy. It is a big claim. The BBC examines whether it will and if so, how?
美国总统特朗普将美日协议称为"史上最大贸易协议"。这种说法可能为时过早，但确实是自4月特朗普宣布引发股市动荡和全球贸易混乱的所谓"解放日关税"以来最重要的协议。经过数月谈判，日本首相石破茂表示预计该协议将有助于全球经济。这是个大胆的断言。BBC将分析其是否及如何实现。
**Japan Inc**
日本株式会社
Japan is the world's fourth largest economy, meaning it accounts for a large part of global trade and growth. Tokyo imports a great deal of energy and food from overseas and is dependent on exports including electronics, machinery and motor vehicles. The US is its biggest export market. Some experts had warned that Trump's tariffs could knock as much as a percentage point off Japan's economy, pushing it into recession. With lower tariffs, exporters will be able to do business in the US more cheaply than if Trump had stuck to an earlier threat to levy higher taxes. And the deal brings certainty, which allows businesses to plan. The announcement also strengthened the Japanese yen against the US dollar, giving manufacturers more purchasing power to buy the raw materials they need to expand their businesses. The US agreement is particularly good for Japan's auto giants like Toyota, Honda and Nissan. Previously, American importers had to pay a 27.5% levy when they shipped in Japanese cars. That is now being reduced to 15%, potentially making Japanese cars cheaper compared to the likes of rival China. Having said that, US automakers have signalled they are unhappy with the deal. They are concerned they have to pay a 25% tariff on imports from their plants and suppliers in Canada and Mexico compared with Japan's 15% rate.
日本是世界第四大经济体，意味着其占全球贸易和增长的很大部分。东京从海外进口大量能源和食品，并依赖电子产品、机械和汽车等出口。美国是其最大出口市场。一些专家警告称特朗普的关税可能使日本经济下降一个百分点，陷入衰退。降低关税后，出口商将能以比特朗普坚持征收更高关税更低的成本在美国开展业务。协议还带来了确定性，使企业能够规划。该公告还提振日元兑美元汇率，使制造商有更大购买力购买拓展业务所需的原材料。该协议对丰田、本田和日产等日本汽车巨头尤其有利。此前美国进口商进口日本汽车需缴纳27.5%的税，现在降至15%，可能使日本汽车比中国等竞争对手更便宜。尽管如此，美国汽车制造商表示不满，担心从加拿大和墨西哥工厂及供应商进口需缴纳25%关税，而日本仅15%。
**Jobs and more deals**
就业与更多协议
In return for reduced tariffs, Japan has proposed investing $550bn in the US to enable Japanese firms"to build resilient supply chains in key sectors like pharmaceuticals and semiconductors," Ishiba said. Japan is already a major investor in the US, but this amount of money should create jobs, make quality products and foster innovation. Under the deal, Trump said Japan will increase purchases of agricultural products such as US rice which could help the country's rice shortage - even if it might rattle local farmers concerned about losing market share. The 15% tariff is also a benchmark for other countries like South Korea and Taiwan who are holding their own trade negotiations with the US.
作为降低关税的回报，日本提议向美国投资5500亿美元，使日本企业"能够在制药和半导体等关键领域建立弹性供应链"。日本已是美国主要投资者，但这笔资金应创造就业、生产优质产品和促进创新。根据协议，特朗普称日本将增加对美国大米等农产品的购买，可能有助于缓解该国大米短缺——即使可能让担心市场份额流失的当地农民不安。15%关税也是韩国和台湾地区等与美国进行贸易谈判的经济体的基准。
**Getty Images Japan will buy rice from America, according to Donald Trump**
Getty Images 特朗普称日本将从美国购买大米
South Korea's industry minister said he will take a close look at the terms of what Japan has agreed with the US as he headed to Washington for crunch trade talks. Japan and South Korea compete in industries like steel and autos. More broadly, the US and Japan deal will put more pressure on other countries - especially major Asia exporters - to secure better agreements before a 1 August deadline. Deals with Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines have already been announced. But some Asian countries will suffer. Smaller economies like Cambodia, Laos and Sri Lanka are manufacturing exporters and they have little to offer Washington in terms of trade or investment.
韩国产业部长表示在前往华盛顿进行关键贸易谈判时，将仔细研究日本与美国达成的条款。日本和韩国在钢铁和汽车等行业竞争。更广泛地说，美日协议将给其他国家——尤其是亚洲主要出口国——带来更大压力，需在8月1日最后期限前达成更好协议。与越南、印尼和菲律宾的协议已经宣布。但一些亚洲国家将遭受损失。柬埔寨、老挝和斯里兰卡等制造业出口小型经济体在贸易或投资方面难有筹码。
**Did the US get what it wants?**
美国得偿所愿了吗？
Trump said the deal will help the US reduce its trade deficit with Japan - something he has railed against for years. The US trade deficit with Japan was $67.6bn last year. The president also said Japan would buy more US military equipment. But the deal is not as comprehensive as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) that Trump pulled the US out of in 2017. That deal would have given US farmers more access to Japan's market. Trump has instead focused on bilateral deals. The US has also not got Japan to agree to a provision to stop it from manipulating its currency - something Trump has accused Japan of doing in the past. So while the deal is significant, it's not the comprehensive agreement that many had hoped for.
特朗普称该协议将有助于减少美国对日贸易逆差——这是他多年来一直抨击的问题。去年美国对日贸易逆差为676亿美元。特朗普还表示日本将购买更多美国军事装备。但该协议不如特朗普2017年让美国退出的跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(TPP)全面。TPP本可以让美国农民更多进入日本市场。特朗普转而专注于双边协议。美国也未让日本同意停止操纵货币的条款——特朗普曾指责日本这样做。因此尽管协议重要，但并非许多人希望的全面协议。
**Reuters The deal is a win for Japanese carmakers like Toyota**
路透社 该协议对丰田等日本汽车制造商是胜利
The deal is expected to be signed in September and will need to be ratified by Japan's parliament. For now, it has given markets some certainty. But the real test will be whether it can boost growth in both countries and help the global economy at a time when trade wars are creating so much uncertainty.
该协议预计将于9月签署，需日本议会批准。目前它给市场带来了一定确定性。但真正的考验是在贸易战带来诸多不确定性之际，能否促进两国增长并帮助全球经济。
