【新闻摘要】
特朗普又双叒创造了"史上最大贸易协议"！这次倒霉的是日本——5500亿美元投资换15%汽车关税，气得美国三大车企直跳脚："凭啥加拿大工厂还要交25%？"。最搞笑的是，特朗普一边在推特吹嘘"日本将向美国汽车大米全面开放市场"，一边被日媒打脸"协议根本没提降低日本关税"。更魔幻的是，英国汽车虽然只收10%关税，但每年限额10万辆，而日本车却能无限量涌入。美国汽车政策委员会主席马特·布朗特直接开喷："这是个烂协议！"不过牛津经济研究院专家倒是说了大实话：15%已经是日本现阶段"最佳妥协"了，毕竟人家四分之一出口都靠汽车产业。看来这场"关税过山车"里，唯一稳赚不赔的只有特朗普的推特流量了！
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**Trump announces 'massive' US-Japan trade deal with 15% auto tariffs**
特朗普宣布"大规模"美日贸易协议 汽车关税定为15%
**16 hours ago Share Save Peter Hoskins & Tom Espiner BBC Business News Share Save**
16小时前 分享 保存 BBC商业记者彼得·霍斯金斯与汤姆·埃斯皮纳 分享 保存
**Watch: Trump hails 'largest trade deal in history' with Japan**
视频：特朗普盛赞与日本达成"史上最大贸易协议"
US President Donald Trump has proclaimed a"massive" new trade agreement with Japan that will see Tokyo invest $550bn (£407bn) in the US while its auto exports face 15% tariffs. Announced at a White House ceremony on Tuesday, the deal averts the 25% tariff Trump had threatened earlier this year. The president boasted on social media that Japan would open its market wider to US cars, trucks and agricultural products like rice - though Japanese officials later clarified no reciprocal tariff cuts were included. Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba called the 15% rate"the lowest among major US trade surplus partners."
美国总统特朗普宣布与日本达成"大规模"新贸易协议，东京将向美国投资5500亿美元（407亿英镑），同时其汽车出口面临15%关税。周二在白宫仪式上宣布的这项协议，避免了特朗普今年早些时候威胁的25%关税。总统在社交媒体上吹嘘日本将向美国汽车、卡车和大米等农产品进一步开放市场——尽管日本官员后来澄清不包括互惠关税削减。日本首相石破茂称15%的税率是"美国主要贸易顺差伙伴中最低的"。
**'I just signed the largest trade deal in history,' Trump declared at the White House, flanked by US and Japanese flags. 'Their top people worked long and hard - it's great for everybody.' The deal notably reduces tariffs on Japan's critical auto sector, which accounts for 3% of its GDP and $410bn in annual US exports. But it leaves higher 25% duties on vehicles imported from US plants in Canada and Mexico - a disparity that drew immediate ire from Detroit automakers.**
"我刚签署了史上最大贸易协议，"特朗普在美日国旗环绕的白宫宣称。"他们的高层人士长期努力工作——这对大家都很棒。"该协议显著降低了日本关键汽车行业的关税，该行业占其GDP的3%和对美年出口4100亿美元。但对从加拿大和墨西哥的美国工厂进口的车辆仍维持25%的更高关税——这一差异立即引发了底特律汽车制造商的不满。
**Getty Images**
Getty Images
**Auto industry backlash**
汽车行业反弹
The American Automotive Policy Council, representing Ford, General Motors and Stellantis, slammed the deal as"a bad bargain." President Matt Blunt noted Japanese automakers would gain a 10-point tariff advantage over their North American counterparts."This puts US manufacturers at a competitive disadvantage in their home market," he told the Detroit Free Press. Under the deal, UK car exports to the US face a lower 10% tariff but are capped at 100,000 vehicles annually, while Japanese shipments face no quotas.
代表福特、通用汽车和Stellantis的美国汽车政策委员会抨击该协议是"糟糕的交易"。主席马特·布朗特指出日本汽车制造商将比北美同行获得10个百分点的关税优势。"这使美国制造商在本土市场处于竞争劣势，"他告诉《底特律自由报》。根据协议，英国汽车对美出口面临较低的10%关税，但每年上限为10万辆，而日本出货则没有配额限制。
**Economic calculus**
经济算计
Oxford Economics analyst Shigeto Nagai called the 15% tariff"Japan's best possible compromise," given that 25% of its US exports are vehicles and parts. The $550bn investment pledge - targeting pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and infrastructure - could create US jobs while helping Japanese firms build"resilient supply chains," Prime Minister Ishiba said. Trump touted increased US farm exports to Japan as another win, though Tokyo insists its agricultural market access remains unchanged.
牛津经济研究院分析师永井重人将15%的关税称为"日本可能的最佳妥协方案"，因为其对美出口的25%是车辆和零部件。石破茂首相表示，5500亿美元的投资承诺——针对制药、半导体和基础设施——可以在帮助日本公司建立"弹性供应链"的同时创造美国就业机会。特朗普吹嘘增加对日农产品出口是另一项胜利，尽管东京坚称其农产品市场准入保持不变。
**Reuters**
路透社
**Broader implications**
更广泛影响
The agreement sets a benchmark for ongoing US trade talks with South Korea, Taiwan and Southeast Asian nations ahead of an August deadline for higher tariffs. Separate deals with the Philippines (19% tariffs) and Vietnam were also announced. But smaller economies like Cambodia and Laos may struggle to secure favorable terms, lacking Japan's bargaining power. For Trump, the deal burnishes his"America First" credentials ahead of November's election, though experts note the 15% rate is higher than the 10% applied during his April-July"tariff pause."
该协议为美国与韩国、台湾地区和东南亚国家在8月更高关税截止日期前的贸易谈判设定了基准。与菲律宾（19%关税）和越南的单独协议也已宣布。但柬埔寨和老挝等较小经济体可能难以获得优惠条件，因为它们缺乏日本的议价能力。对特朗普来说，该协议在11月大选前提升了他的"美国优先"信誉，尽管专家指出15%的税率高于他在4月至7月"关税暂停"期间适用的10%。
As the White House celebrates, Detroit's auto executives are crunching numbers."Every 1% tariff advantage translates to about $500 per vehicle," said GM's chief economist."That's real money we're handing to Japanese competitors." Meanwhile, Japanese automakers' shares rose on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, while US auto stocks dipped in New York.
白宫庆祝之际，底特律汽车高管们正在计算数字。"每1%的关税优势相当于每辆车约500美元，"通用汽车首席经济学家表示。"这是我们交给日本竞争对手的真金白银。"与此同时，日本汽车制造商的股票在东京证券交易所上涨，而美国汽车股在纽约下跌。
