【新闻趣读】
叙利亚德鲁兹人最近过得比"夹心饼干"还惨！一边要防着伊斯兰极端分子的"异端审判"，一边还得提防政府军的"误伤友军"。最惨的是大学生拉玛，毕业论文都快写完了，却因为宿舍被暴徒用铁链袭击，不得不连夜逃命。她的同学更绝，看到她的逃难朋友圈居然回了个"笑哭"表情——这年头在叙利亚，连同学情都靠不住了！下面请看BBC记者从叙利亚发回的报道——
'I don't know who to trust anymore': Druze worry about being left behind in post-war Syria
"我不知道还能相信谁"：德鲁兹人担忧在战后叙利亚被抛弃
4 July 2025 Share Save Lina Sinjab BBC Middle East correspondent Reporting from Syria Share Save
2025年7月4日 BBC中东记者莉娜·辛贾布发自叙利亚
OMAR HAJ KADOUR/AFP via Getty Images More than 100 people were killed in sectarian violence in a suburb south of Damascus in April
奥马尔·哈吉·卡杜尔/法新社/盖蒂图片社：4月大马士革南部郊区教派暴力致百余人死亡
When the gunfire started outside her home in the Damascus suburb of Ashrafiyat Sahnaya, Lama al-Hassanieh grabbed her phone and locked herself in her bathroom.
当枪声在大马士革郊区Ashrafiyat Sahnaya的住所外响起时，拉玛·哈萨尼抓起手机躲进浴室反锁。
For hours, she cowered in fear as fighters dressed in military-style uniforms and desert camouflage roamed the streets of the neighbourhood.
数小时里，她惊恐地蜷缩着，身穿军用制服和沙漠迷彩的武装人员在街区游荡。
A heavy machine gun was mounted on a military vehicle just beneath her balcony window.
一架重机枪就架在她阳台下方的军车上。
"Jihad against Druze" and"we are going to kill you, Druze," the men were shouting.
"对德鲁兹人的圣战"和"我们要杀了你们这些德鲁兹人"，男人们叫嚣着。
She did not know who the men were - extremists, government security forces, or someone else entirely - but the message was clear: as a Druze, she was not safe.
她不知道这些人是谁——极端分子、政府安全部队还是其他组织——但信息很明确：作为德鲁兹人，她不安全。
The Druze - a community with its own unique practices and beliefs, whose faith began as an off-shoot of Shia Islam - have historically occupied a precarious position in Syria's political order.
德鲁兹人——拥有独特习俗和信仰的群体，其信仰起源于什叶派伊斯兰教分支——历史上在叙利亚政治秩序中处于不稳定地位。
Under former President Bashar al-Assad, many Druze maintained a quiet loyalty to the state, hoping that alignment with it would protect them from the sectarian bloodshed that consumed other parts of Syria during the 13-year-long civil war.
在前总统巴沙尔·阿萨德统治下，许多德鲁兹人默默效忠国家，希望这种结盟能保护他们免受叙利亚13年内战中其他地区教派流血冲突的影响。
Many Druze took to the streets during the uprising, especially in the latter years.
许多德鲁兹人在起义期间走上街头，尤其是在后期。
But, seeking to portray himself as defending Syria's minorities against Islamist extremism, Assad avoided using the kind of iron first against Druze protesters which he did in other cities that revolted against his rule.
但阿萨德试图将自己塑造成捍卫叙利亚少数群体免受伊斯兰极端主义侵害的形象，避免对德鲁兹抗议者使用像在其他反抗他统治的城市那样的铁腕手段。
They operated their own militia which defended their areas against attacks by Sunni Muslim extremist groups who considered Druze heretics, while they were left alone by pro-Assad forces.
他们组建了自己的民兵组织，保卫地区免受将德鲁兹人视为异端的逊尼派穆斯林极端组织攻击，而亲阿萨德部队则对他们置之不理。
But with Assad toppled by Sunni Islamist-led rebels who have formed the interim government, that unspoken pact has frayed, and Druze are now worried about being isolated and targeted in post-war Syria.
但随着阿萨德被组建临时政府的逊尼派伊斯兰主义反叛者推翻，这种默契已被打破，德鲁兹人现在担忧在战后叙利亚被孤立和针对。
Recent attacks on Druze communities by Islamist militias loosely affiliated with the government in Damascus have fuelled growing distrust towards the state.
与政府关系松散的伊斯兰民兵组织最近对德鲁兹社区的袭击加剧了对国家的不信任。
Lama witnessed the outbreak of violent attacks against Druze in Ashrafiyat Sahnaya
拉玛目睹了Ashrafiyat Sahnaya对德鲁兹人暴力袭击的爆发
It started in late April with a leaked audio recording that allegedly featured a Druze religious leader insulting the Prophet Muhammad.
事件始于4月下旬，一段据称是德鲁兹宗教领袖侮辱先知穆罕默德的录音被泄露。
Although the leader denied it was his voice, and Syria's interior ministry later confirmed the recording was fake, the damage had been done.
尽管该领袖否认是他的声音，叙利亚内政部后来也证实录音是伪造的，但伤害已经造成。
A video of a student at the University of Homs, in central Syria, went viral, with him calling on Muslims to take revenge immediately against Druze, sparking sectarian violence in communities across the country.
叙利亚中部霍姆斯大学一名学生的视频疯传，他呼吁穆斯林立即对德鲁兹人报复，在全国社区引发教派暴力。
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based monitoring group, said at least 137 people - 17 civilians, 89 Druze fighters and 32 members of the security forces - were killed in several days of fighting in Ashrafiyat Sahnaya, the southern Damascus suburb of Jaramana, and in an ambush on the Suweida-Damascus highway.
总部位于英国的监督组织叙利亚人权观察站称，Ashrafiyat Sahnaya、大马士革南部郊区Jaramana和苏韦达-大马士革高速公路伏击的几天战斗中，至少137人丧生——17名平民、89名德鲁兹战士和32名安全部队成员。
The Syrian government said the security forces' operation in Ashrafiyat Sahnaya was carried out to restore security and stability, and that it was in response to attacks on its own personnel where 16 of them were killed.
叙利亚政府表示，安全部队在Ashrafiyat Sahnaya的行动是为了恢复安全与稳定，是对16名人员遇袭身亡的回应。
Lama Zahereddine, a pharmacy student at Damascus University, was just weeks away from completing her degree when the violence reached her village.
大马士革大学药学专业学生拉玛·扎赫雷丁距离完成学位仅数周时，暴力蔓延到她的村庄。
What began as distant shelling turned into a direct assault - gunfire, mortars, and chaos tearing through her neighbourhood.
起初的远处炮击演变为直接攻击——枪声、迫击炮和混乱席卷她的社区。
Her uncle arrived in a small bus, urging the women and children to flee under fire while the men stayed behind with nothing more than light arms.
她的叔叔乘小巴赶来，催促妇女和儿童在炮火中逃离，而男人们仅持轻武器留下。
"The attackers had heavy machine guns and mortars," Lama recalled."Our men had nothing to match that."
"袭击者有重机枪和迫击炮，"拉玛回忆道。"我们的人没有能与之抗衡的武器。"
The violence did not stop at her village. At Lama's university, dorm rooms were stormed and students were beaten with chains.
暴力并未止于她的村庄。在拉玛的大学，宿舍遭突袭，学生被铁链殴打。
In one case, a student was stabbed after simply being asked if he was Druze.
一起事件中，一名学生仅因被问及是否是德鲁兹人就被刺伤。
This university student, also named Lama, says her dorms were stormed and Druze students were beaten
这位同样叫拉玛的大学生称宿舍遭袭，德鲁兹学生被殴打
"They [the instigators] told us we left our universities by choice," she said.
"他们[煽动者]说我们是自愿离开大学的，"她说。
"But how could I stay? I was five classes and one graduation project away from my degree. Why would I abandon that if it wasn't serious?"
"但我怎么能留下？我只差五门课和一个毕业项目就能拿到学位。如果不严重，我为什么要放弃？"
Like many Druze, Lama's fear is not just of physical attacks – it is of what she sees as a state that has failed to offer protection.
和许多德鲁兹人一样，拉玛不仅害怕身体攻击——还害怕她认为未能提供保护的国家。
"The government says these were unaffiliated outlaws. Fine. But when are they going to be held accountable?" she asked.
"政府说这些是无关联的歹徒。好吧。但他们什么时候会被追究责任？"她问道。
Her trust was further shaken by classmates who mocked her plight, including one who replied with a laughing emoji to her post about fleeing her village.
同学对她困境的嘲笑进一步动摇了她的信任，包括一位在她关于逃离村庄的帖子下回复"笑哭"表情的同学。
"You never know how people really see you," she said quietly."I don't know who to trust anymore."
"你永远不知道人们怎么看你，"她轻声说。"我不知道还能相信谁。"
Getty Images Druze volunteers were brought in to help protect their community during the attacks
盖蒂图片社：袭击期间德鲁兹志愿者前来帮助保护社区
While no-one is sure who the attackers pledged their allegiance to, one thing is clear: many Druze are worried that Syria is drifting toward an intolerant Sunni-dominated order with little space for religious minorities like themselves.
虽然无人确定袭击者效忠于谁，但一点很明确：许多德鲁兹人担忧叙利亚正滑向不宽容的逊尼派主导秩序，像他们这样的宗教少数群体空间很小。
"We don't feel safe with these people," Hadi Abou Hassoun told the BBC.
"和这些人在一起我们不觉得安全，"哈迪·阿布·哈苏恩告诉BBC。
He was one of the Druze men from Suweida called in to protect Ashrafiyat Sahnaya on the day Lama was hiding in her bathroom.
他是拉玛躲在浴室那天从苏韦达召集来保护Ashrafiyat Sahnaya的德鲁兹人之一。
His convoy was ambushed by armed groups using mortars and drones.
他的车队遭武装组织用迫击炮和无人机伏击。
Hadi was shot in the back, piercing his lung and breaking several ribs.
哈迪背部中弹，肺部被击穿，几根肋骨断裂。
It's a far cry from the inclusive Syria he had in mind under new leadership.
这与他在新领导层下设想的包容性叙利亚相去甚远。
"Their ideology is religious, not based on law or the state. And when someone acts out of religious or sectarian hate, they don't represent us," Hadi said.
"他们的意识形态是宗教性的，不是基于法律或国家。当有人出于宗教或教派仇恨行事时，他们不代表我们，"哈迪说。
"What represents us is the law and the state. The law is what protects everyone…I want protection from the law."
"代表我们的是法律和国家。法律保护所有人……我想要法律的保护。"
The Syrian government has repeatedly stressed the sovereignty and unity of all Syrian territories and denominations of Syrian society, including the Druze.
叙利亚政府一再强调包括德鲁兹人在内的所有叙利亚领土和教派的主权与统一。
Hadi's lung was pierced by a bullet fired by an armed group that ambushed his volunteer group
哈迪的肺部被伏击其志愿小组的武装组织发射的子弹击穿
