生成中...【新闻麻辣烫】
"朝鲜工人自曝在俄'奴隶生活'：每天工作18小时，睡集装箱，工资全上交！"BBC独家调查揭露，俄罗斯为填补乌克兰战争造成的劳动力缺口，竟引进数万名朝鲜工人。这些"精挑细选"的工人每天被迫工作到凌晨2点，全年仅休2天，收入九成被朝鲜政府抽走。有人摔成重伤都不准就医，最终冒险逃亡时才发现——中亚工人工资竟是他们的5倍！（配图：朝鲜工人与俄罗斯建筑工地对比图）
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**North Koreans tell BBC they are being sent to work 'like slaves' in Russia**
**朝鲜工人向BBC控诉被当"奴隶"送往俄罗斯务工**
2 days ago Share Save Jean Mackenzie Seoul correspondent Share Save
两日前 分享 保存 首尔记者Jean Mackenzie 分享 保存
BBC The BBC understands more than 50,000 North Koreans will eventually be sent to work in Russia
BBC获悉最终将有超过5万名朝鲜工人被派往俄罗斯
Thousands of North Koreans are being sent to work in slave-like conditions in Russia to fill a huge labour shortage exacerbated by Russia's ongoing invasion of Ukraine, the BBC has learned. Moscow has repeatedly turned to Pyongyang to help it fight the war, using its missiles, artillery shells and its soldiers. Now, with many of Russia's men either killed or tied up fighting - or having fled the country - South Korean intelligence officials have told the BBC that Moscow is increasingly relying on North Korean labourers. We interviewed six North Korean workers who have fled Russia since the start of the war, along with South Korean government officials, researchers and those helping to rescue the labourers. They detailed how the men are subjected to"abysmal" working conditions, and how the North Korean authorities are tightening their control over the workers to stop them escaping. One of the workers, Jin, told the BBC that when he landed in Russia's Far East, he was chaperoned from the airport to a construction site by a North Korean security agent, who ordered him not to talk to anyone or look at anything."The outside world is our enemy," the agent told him. He was put straight to work building high-rise apartment blocks for more than 18 hours a day, he said. All six workers we spoke to described the same punishing workdays – waking at 6am and being forced to build high-rise apartments until 2am the next morning, with just two days off a year. We have changed their names to protect them.
BBC调查发现，为填补因俄乌战争加剧的劳动力缺口，数千名朝鲜工人正被送往俄罗斯从事奴隶般的工作。莫斯科已多次向平壤寻求战争支持，包括导弹、炮弹和士兵。随着大量俄罗斯男性战死、参战或逃离，韩国情报官员向BBC透露，莫斯科正日益依赖朝鲜劳工。我们采访了6名开战后逃离俄罗斯的朝鲜工人，以及韩国政府官员、研究人员和援助者。他们详述了工人遭受的"非人"工作条件，以及朝鲜当局为阻止工人逃跑加强管控的手段。工人Jin告诉BBC，他抵达俄远东时，朝鲜安保人员全程"护送"他到工地，命令他不准与任何人交谈或张望。"外部世界是我们的敌人"，安保人员说。他随即开始每天18小时的高层住宅建设。6名工人都描述了相同的残酷作息——早6点工作至次日凌晨2点，全年仅休2天。为保护受访者，我们使用了化名。
'Like slaves': North Koreans sent to work in Russia
"如奴隶般"：朝鲜工人被送往俄罗斯务工
"Waking up was terrifying, realising you had to repeat the same day over again," said another construction worker, Tae, who managed to escape Russia last year. Tae recalled how his hands would seize up in the morning, unable to open, paralysed from the previous day's work."Some people would leave their post to sleep in the day, or fall asleep standing up, but the supervisors would find them and beat them. It was truly like we were dying," said another of the workers, Chan."The conditions are truly abysmal," said Kang Dong-wan, a professor at South Korea's Dong-A University who has travelled to Russia multiple times to interview North Korean labourers."The workers are exposed to very dangerous situations. At night the lights are turned out and they work in the dark, with little safety equipment." The escapees told us that the workers are confined to their construction sites day and night, where they are watched by agents from North Korea's state security department. They sleep in dirty, overcrowded shipping containers, infested with bugs, or on the floor of unfinished apartment blocks, with tarps pulled over the door frames to try to keep out the cold. One labourer, Nam, said he once fell four metres off his building site and"smashed up" his face, leaving him unable to work. Even then his supervisors would not let him leave the site to visit a hospital.
去年逃出的工人Tae说："每天醒来都很恐惧，因为又要重复前一天的生活。"他描述早晨手指因前日劳作僵直无法张开的痛苦。工人Chan表示："有人白天溜去睡觉或站着睡着，监工发现就会殴打，简直生不如死。"多次赴俄调研的韩国东国大学教授康东万称："条件极其恶劣，工人暴露在危险中，夜间熄灯摸黑作业，几乎没有安全设备。"逃亡者透露，工人被朝鲜国安人员24小时监禁在工地，睡在虫鼠滋生的拥挤集装箱或毛坯房地面，仅用防水布挡风御寒。工人Nam曾从4米高处坠落面部重伤，监工仍拒绝送医。
Getty Images Kim Jong Un has sent Vladimir Putin weapons and soldiers to fight his war in Ukraine
Getty图片 金正恩向普京提供武器和士兵支持乌克兰战争
In the past, tens of thousands of North Koreans worked in Russia earning millions of pounds a year for the North Korean leader, Kim Jong Un, and his cash-strapped regime. Then in 2019, the UN banned countries from using these workers in an attempt to cut off Kim's funds and stop him building nuclear weapons, meaning most were sent home. But last year more than 10,000 labourers were sent to Russia, according to a South Korean intelligence official speaking to the BBC on the condition of anonymity. They told us that even more were expected to arrive this year, and in total Pyongyang would eventually dispatch more than 50,000 workers. The sudden influx means North Korean workers are now"everywhere in Russia," the official added. While most are working on large-scale construction projects, others have been assigned to clothing factories and IT centres, they said, in violation of the UN sanctions banning the use of North Korean labour.
过去数万朝鲜工人在俄务工，每年为金正恩政权创收数百万英镑。2019年联合国禁止各国雇佣朝鲜劳工以切断核武资金，多数工人被召回。但匿名韩国情报官员透露，去年仍有超1万名工人赴俄，预计今年更多，最终将超5万人。该官员称朝鲜工人现已"遍布俄罗斯"，除大型建筑项目外，还被派往服装厂和IT中心，这明显违反联合国禁令。
Russian government figures show that more than 13,000 North Koreans entered the country in 2024, a 12-fold increase from the previous year. Nearly 8,000 of them entered on student visas but, according to the intelligence official and experts, this is a tactic used by Russia to bypass the UN ban. In June, a senior Russian official, Sergei Shoigu, admitted for the first time that 5,000 North Koreans would be sent to rebuild Kursk, a Russian region seized by Ukrainian forces last year but who have since been pushed back. The South Korean official told us it was also"highly likely" some North Koreans would soon be deployed to work on reconstruction projects in Russian-occupied Ukrainian territories."Russia is suffering a severe labour shortage right now and North Koreans offer the perfect solution. They are cheap, hard-working and don't get into trouble," said Andrei Lankov, a professor at Kookmin University in Seoul and a renowned expert in North Korea-Russia relations.
俄政府数据显示，2024年入境的朝鲜人超1.3万，同比激增12倍。其中近8000人持学生签证入境，情报官员和专家指出这是俄方规避联合国禁令的手段。6月俄高官绍伊古首次承认将派遣5000名朝鲜工人重建曾被乌军占领的库尔斯克地区。韩国官员称朝鲜工人"极可能"被派往俄占乌克兰地区参与重建。首尔国民大学教授、俄朝关系专家安德烈·兰科夫表示："俄罗斯面临严重用工荒，朝鲜工人廉价、勤劳且守规矩，是最佳解决方案。"
KCNA These flowers were sent to Kim Jong Un by various Russian construction companies in April, according to North Korean state media
朝中社称这些鲜花是4月俄罗斯建筑公司赠送给金正恩的
These overseas construction jobs are highly coveted in North Korea as they promise to pay better than the work at home. Most workers go hoping to escape poverty and be able to buy a house for their family or start a business when they return. Only the most trusted men are selected after being rigorously vetted, and they must leave their families behind. But the bulk of their earnings is sent straight to the North Korean state as"loyalty fees". The remaining fraction – usually between $100-200 (£74-£149) a month - is marked down on a ledger. The workers only receive this money when they return home – a recent tactic, experts say, to stop them running away. Once the men realise the reality of the harsh work and lack of pay, it can be shattering. Tae said he was"ashamed" when he learnt that other construction workers from central Asia were being paid five times more than him for a third of the work."I felt like I was in a labour camp; a prison without bars," he said. The labourer Jin still bristles when he remembers how the other workers would call them slaves."You are not men, just machines that can speak," they jeered. At one point, Jin's manager told him he might not receive any money when he returned to North Korea because the state needed it instead. It was then he decided to risk his life to escape. Tae made the decision to defect after watching YouTube videos showing how much workers in South Korea were paid. One night, he packed his belongings into a bin liner, stuffed a blanket under his bed sheets to make it look as if he was still sleeping, and crept out of his construction site. He hailed a taxi and travelled thousands of kilometres across the country to meet a lawyer who helped arrange his journey on to Seoul. In recent years, a small number of workers have been able to orchestrate their escapes using forbidden second-hand smartphones, bought by saving the small daily allowance they received for cigarettes and alcohol.
这些海外工作在朝鲜备受追捧，因收入高于国内。多数工人希望脱贫、返乡购房或创业。只有通过严格审查的最可靠人员能被选中，且必须留下家属。但收入大部分作为"忠诚金"上缴国家，剩余100-200美元/月仅记账，回国才能领取——专家指出这是防止逃亡的新手段。当工人发现残酷现实后往往精神崩溃。Tae得知中亚工人工作量仅其1/3、工资却是5倍时感到"羞耻"，"感觉像在无栅栏的劳改营"。工人Jin至今难忘被其他工人嘲笑为"会说话的机器"的屈辱。当主管告知他回国可能分文不得时，他决心冒险逃亡。Tae通过YouTube看到韩国工人收入后，某夜用垃圾袋打包行李，用毛毯伪装睡姿，潜出工地搭出租车穿越数千公里找到协助逃亡的律师。近年少数工人靠省下烟酒钱购买违禁二手手机策划逃亡。
A handful of labourers have managed to escape Russia during the war and reach Seoul
少数工人成功在战争期间逃离俄罗斯抵达首尔
